Chapter 6 and 7: Bones And Skeletal Tissue

Question 1

What 3 things do the skeletal system contain?

Answer 1

1. Bones
2. Cartilage
3. Joints

Question 2

What are the 3 types of cartilage in the bone?

Answer 2

1. Hyaline
2. Elastic
3. Fiberocartilage

Question 3

What are the functions of the bone?

Answer 3

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Mineral and growth factor storage
5. Blood cell formation
6. Triglyceride (fat) storage
7. Hormone production

Question 4

Support

Answer 4

For body and soft organs

Question 5

Protection

Answer 5

Protect brain, spinal cord, and vital organs

Question 6

Movement

Answer 6

Levers for muscle action

Question 7

Mineral and growth factor storage

Answer 7

Calcium and phosphorus, and growth factors reservoir

Question 8

Blood cell formation

Answer 8

Hematopoiesis occurs in red marrow cavities of certain bones

Question 9

Triglyceride (fat) storage

Answer 9

Fat, used for an energy source, is stored in bone cavities

Question 10

Hormone production

Answer 10

Osteocalcin secreted by bones helps to regulate insulin secretion, glucose levels, and metabolism

Question 11

What are the 4 major cells of the bone tissue?

Answer 11

1. Osteogenic cells
2. Osteoblasts
3. Osteocytes
4. Osteoclasts

Question 12

Osteogenic cells

Answer 12

• Active stem cells
• Differentiate into osteoblasts or other bone cells (stimulated)
• Some stay the same

Question 13

Osteoblasts

Answer 13

Function: Bone-forming cells that secrete osteoid

- Actively mitotic

Question 14

Osteoid

Answer 14

Unmineralized bone matrix

Question 15

Osteocytes

Answer 15

• Mature bone cells that don’t divide (in lacunae)
• Maintain bone matrix and stress/ strain sensors
• Communicate info to osteoblasts and osteoclasts for bone remodeling

Question 16

Osteoclasts

Answer 16

• Giant, multinucleate
• Function: breaking down of bone
• Increase surface area for enzyme degradation of bone (from ruffled borders of cells)

Question 17

Compact Bone

Answer 17

Dense outer layer on every bone that appears smooth and solid

Question 18

Spongy Bone

Answer 18

Made up of a honeycomb of small, needle-like or flat pieces of bone

• Appears poorly organized but is organized along lines of stress to help with bone resistance to stress
• Trabeculae

Question 19

Trabeculae

Answer 19

Needle-like or flat pieces of bone
- like cables on a suspension bridge, confer strength to bone
(No osteons are present)

Question 20

What does compact bone consist of?

Answer 20

• Osteon (Haversian system)
• Canals and canaliculi
• Interstitial and circumferential lamellae

Question 21

Osteon (Haversian system)

Answer 21

• the structural unit of compact bone
• consists of an elongated cylinder that runs parallel to long axis of bone
• Osteon cylinder consists of several rings of bone matrix

Question 22

Lamellae

Answer 22

Rings of bone matrix

Question 23

Canals and canaliculi

Answer 23

• Central (Haversian) canal runs through ore of osteon (blood vessels and nerve fibers)
• Lacunae
• Canaliculi
  (Both allow communication)

Question 24

Lacunae

Answer 24

Small cavities that contain osteocytes

Question 25

Canaliculi

Answer 25

Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and to central canal

Question 26

Interstitial and circumferential lamellae

Answer 26

Lamellae that are not part of osteon | - Some fill gaps others are remnants of osteon scut by bone remodeling

Question 27

Suture

Answer 27

A seamlike immovable junction between 2 bones

Question 28

Meatus

Answer 28

Tubelike opening or channel

Question 29

Foramen

Answer 29

Round hole for vessels and nerves

Question 30

Condyle

Answer 30

Rounded bump; usually fits into a depression on another bone to form a joint

Question 31

Spine

Answer 31

Sharp, pointed process

Question 32

Body

Answer 32

The main or central portion of a bone

Question 33

Epicondyle

Answer 33

Bump near a condyle; often gives the appearance of a "bump" on a bump

Question 34

Head

Answer 34

Distinct epiphysis on a long bone, separated from the shaft by a narrowed portion (or neck)

Question 35

Neck

Answer 35

A narrowed portion, usually at the base of a head

Question 36

Tuberosity

Answer 36

Oblong, raised bump