Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation Flashcards
The Integumentary
- External body covering
- Protects tissues
- Synthesizes
- Site of cutaneous receptors
The Skeletal
- Protects body organs
- Framework for muscles
- Blood cells formed w/ in bones
- Stores minerals
The Muscular
- Locomotion
- Facial Expressions
- Posture
- Heat
The Nervous
- Control center
- Fast-acting
- Responds to internal/ external changes
The Endocrine
- Glands secrete hormones
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Nutrient Use
The Cardiovascular
- Blood vessels transport
- Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Carries nutrients and wastes
The Lymphatic
- Gathers fluid leaked from blood vessel
- Disposes debris in the lymphatic
- Houses white blood cells
- Attacks foreign substances in the body
The Respiratory
- Stores blood supplied w/ oxygen
- Takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide
- Exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs
The Digestive
- Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells
- Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces
The Urinary
- Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body
- Regulates water, electrolyte and acid-base balance of food
The Reproductive
- Function is production of offspring
- Testes produce sperm and male sex hormone and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to the female reproductive tract
- Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones
- The remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus
- Mammary glands of female breaths produce milk to nourish the newborn
Gross Anatomy
- Regional
- Directional
Regional Terms
- Axial region
- Appendicular region
Directional Terms
- Body in anatomical position
- terms of directions
Superior (cranial)
Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
Inferior (caudal)
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
Anterior (ventral)
Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Posterior (dorsal)
Toward or at the back of the body; behind
Medial
Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
Intermediate
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
Proximal
Closer to the origin of the body pat or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Superficial (external)
Toward or at the body surface
