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Practice Questions > Chapter 6 - Adaptations to Aerobic Endurance Training Programs > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Adaptations to Aerobic Endurance Training Programs Flashcards

1
Q

A 17-year-old high school cross-country runner has been training aerobically for six months in preparation for the upcoming season. Which of the following adaptations will occur in the muscles during that time?

a. increased concentration of glycolytic enzymes
b. hyperplasia of Type II fibers
c. transformation from Type I to Type II fibers
d. hypertrophy of Type I fibers

A

d. hypertrophy of Type I fibers

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2
Q

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is the

a. cardiac output
b. a-v ̅O2 difference
c. heart rate
d. stroke volume

A

d. stroke volume

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3
Q

Which of the following does NOT normally increase during an aerobic exercise session?

a. end-diastolic volume
b. cardiac contractility
c. cardiac output
d. diastolic blood pressure

A

d. diastolic blood pressure

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4
Q

The mean arterial pressure is defined as the

a. average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
b. average of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures
c. average systolic blood pressure during exercise
d. average of blood pressure and heart rate

A

a. average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle

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5
Q

Primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include which of the following?

I. increased maximal oxygen uptake
II. decreased blood lactate concentration III. increased running economy
IV. decreased capillary density

a. I and III only
b. II and IV only
c. I, II, and III only
d. II, III, and IV only

A

c. I, II, and III only

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6
Q

The final passages in the respiratory system where gases are exchanged from the lungs.

A

Alveoli

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7
Q

the area not functional for gas exchange (trachea, nose, mouth)

A

Anatomical dead space

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8
Q

the difference in O2 content of arterial and venous blood

A

Arteriovenous oxygen difference

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9
Q

The process of artificially increasing red blood cell mass

A

Blood doping

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10
Q

Low heart rate

A

Bradycardia

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11
Q

The amount of blood pumped by the heart in liters per minute.

A

Cardiac output

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12
Q

The partial or complete loss of training-induced adaptations in response to an insufficient training stimulus

A

Detraining

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13
Q

The phase of heart contraction after blood has been pumped before the heart is filled

A

Diastole

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14
Q

the pressure exerted on arterial walls when no blood being ejected

A

Diastolic blood pressure

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15
Q

The movement of gasses across a membrane based on their partial pressures (O2 and CO2 in the case of the alveoli and capillaries)

A

Diffusion

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16
Q

The product of stroke volume and heart rate that results in the cardiac output value also known as the rate-product

A

Double product

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17
Q

the fraction of the end-diastolic volume that is ejected during heart contraction

A

Ejection fraction

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18
Q

Volume of blood in the left ventricle after filling phase

A

End-diastolic volume

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19
Q

Performance-enhancing substance that increases red blood cell production

A

Erythropoietin

20
Q

used to calculate oxygen uptake
VO2 = Q x a-vO2 difference

A

Fick equation

21
Q

the principle that increased end-diastolic volume stretches myocardial fibers resulting in more forceful contraction and increased systolic ejection

A

Frank-Starling mechanism

22
Q

Short period of intensified training

A

Functional overreaching

23
Q

the number of heartbeats per minute (BPM)

A

Heart rate

24
Q

Increased pulmonary ventilation at rest and during exercise

A

Hyperoxic breathing
Hyperventilation

25
Q

the maximum heart rate attainable via exercise

A

Maximal heart rate

26
Q

The maximum amount of oxygen that can be used by the body

A

Maximal oxygen uptake

27
Q

average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle

A

Mean arterial pressure

28
Q

.5ml O2 per minute per kg.bw - typical resting O2 consumption

A

Metabolic equivalent

29
Q

The volume of air breathed per minute

A

Minute ventilation

30
Q

Organelle of cells that facilitates aerobic metabolism

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

a protein that transports oxygen within the muscle cell

A

Myoglobin

32
Q

An extended period of excessive training beyond FOR

A

Nonfunctional overreaching

33
Q

Increased training volume and intensity over extended periods. Can be functional or nonfunctional

A

Overreaching

34
Q

A continuum of responses to intensified training without proper recovery

A

Overtraining

35
Q

Serious drop in performance and other markers associated with long periods of excessive volume and intensity without recovery

A

Overtraining syndrome (OTS)

36
Q

the amount of oxygen consumed by body tissues

A

Oxygen uptake

37
Q

Area of the respiratory system that does not allow gas exchange due to damaged alveoli

A

Physiological dead space

38
Q

The product of stroke volume and heart rate that results in the cardiac output value

A

Rate-pressure product

39
Q

Contraction phase of a heartbeat

A

Systole

39
Q

The amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat

A

Stroke volume

40
Q

pressure during contraction

A

Systolic blood pressure

41
Q

Planned reduction of training volume that occurs before competitive or as a part of a recovery microcycle

A

Tapering

42
Q

the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath

A

Tidal volume

43
Q

Tightening of veins or arteries to reduce blood flow

A

Vasoconstriction

44
Q

Enlargement of veins or arteries to allow increased blood flow

A

Vasodilation

45
Q

The amount of blood returning to the heart

A

Venous return

46
Q

The ratio of the volume of air ventilating the lungs to the volume of oxygen consumed

A

Ventilatory equivalent

Practice Questions (8 decks)

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