Chapter 6 - Adaptations to Aerobic Endurance Training Programs Flashcards

1
Q

A 17-year-old high school cross-country runner has been training aerobically for six months in preparation for the upcoming season. Which of the following adaptations will occur in the muscles during that time?

a. increased concentration of glycolytic enzymes
b. hyperplasia of Type II fibers
c. transformation from Type I to Type II fibers
d. hypertrophy of Type I fibers

A

d. hypertrophy of Type I fibers

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2
Q

The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is the

a. cardiac output
b. a-v ̅O2 difference
c. heart rate
d. stroke volume

A

d. stroke volume

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3
Q

Which of the following does NOT normally increase during an aerobic exercise session?

a. end-diastolic volume
b. cardiac contractility
c. cardiac output
d. diastolic blood pressure

A

d. diastolic blood pressure

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4
Q

The mean arterial pressure is defined as the

a. average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
b. average of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures
c. average systolic blood pressure during exercise
d. average of blood pressure and heart rate

A

a. average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle

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5
Q

Primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include which of the following?

I. increased maximal oxygen uptake
II. decreased blood lactate concentration III. increased running economy
IV. decreased capillary density

a. I and III only
b. II and IV only
c. I, II, and III only
d. II, III, and IV only

A

c. I, II, and III only

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6
Q

The final passages in the respiratory system where gases are exchanged from the lungs.

A

Alveoli

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7
Q

the area not functional for gas exchange (trachea, nose, mouth)

A

Anatomical dead space

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8
Q

the difference in O2 content of arterial and venous blood

A

Arteriovenous oxygen difference

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9
Q

The process of artificially increasing red blood cell mass

A

Blood doping

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10
Q

Low heart rate

A

Bradycardia

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11
Q

The amount of blood pumped by the heart in liters per minute.

A

Cardiac output

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12
Q

The partial or complete loss of training-induced adaptations in response to an insufficient training stimulus

A

Detraining

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13
Q

The phase of heart contraction after blood has been pumped before the heart is filled

A

Diastole

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14
Q

the pressure exerted on arterial walls when no blood being ejected

A

Diastolic blood pressure

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15
Q

The movement of gasses across a membrane based on their partial pressures (O2 and CO2 in the case of the alveoli and capillaries)

A

Diffusion

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16
Q

The product of stroke volume and heart rate that results in the cardiac output value also known as the rate-product

A

Double product

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17
Q

the fraction of the end-diastolic volume that is ejected during heart contraction

A

Ejection fraction

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18
Q

Volume of blood in the left ventricle after filling phase

A

End-diastolic volume

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19
Q

Performance-enhancing substance that increases red blood cell production

A

Erythropoietin

20
Q

used to calculate oxygen uptake
VO2 = Q x a-vO2 difference

A

Fick equation

21
Q

the principle that increased end-diastolic volume stretches myocardial fibers resulting in more forceful contraction and increased systolic ejection

A

Frank-Starling mechanism

22
Q

Short period of intensified training

A

Functional overreaching

23
Q

the number of heartbeats per minute (BPM)

A

Heart rate

24
Q

Increased pulmonary ventilation at rest and during exercise

A

Hyperoxic breathing
Hyperventilation

25
the maximum heart rate attainable via exercise
Maximal heart rate
26
The maximum amount of oxygen that can be used by the body
Maximal oxygen uptake
27
average pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
Mean arterial pressure
28
.5ml O2 per minute per kg.bw - typical resting O2 consumption
Metabolic equivalent
29
The volume of air breathed per minute
Minute ventilation
30
Organelle of cells that facilitates aerobic metabolism
Mitochondria
31
a protein that transports oxygen within the muscle cell
Myoglobin
32
An extended period of excessive training beyond FOR
Nonfunctional overreaching
33
Increased training volume and intensity over extended periods. Can be functional or nonfunctional
Overreaching
34
A continuum of responses to intensified training without proper recovery
Overtraining
35
Serious drop in performance and other markers associated with long periods of excessive volume and intensity without recovery
Overtraining syndrome (OTS)
36
the amount of oxygen consumed by body tissues
Oxygen uptake
37
Area of the respiratory system that does not allow gas exchange due to damaged alveoli
Physiological dead space
38
The product of stroke volume and heart rate that results in the cardiac output value
Rate-pressure product
39
Contraction phase of a heartbeat
Systole
39
The amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat
Stroke volume
40
pressure during contraction
Systolic blood pressure
41
Planned reduction of training volume that occurs before competitive or as a part of a recovery microcycle
Tapering
42
the volume of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath
Tidal volume
43
Tightening of veins or arteries to reduce blood flow
Vasoconstriction
44
Enlargement of veins or arteries to allow increased blood flow
Vasodilation
45
The amount of blood returning to the heart
Venous return
46
The ratio of the volume of air ventilating the lungs to the volume of oxygen consumed
Ventilatory equivalent