Chapter 4 - Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercises Flashcards
After a bout of resistance training, acute hormonal secretions provide all of the following information to the body EXCEPT
a. amount of physiological stress
b. metabolic demands of exercise
c. type of physiological stress
d. energy expended
d. energy expended
Which of the following hormones enhance(s) muscle tissue growth?
I. growth hormone
II. cortisol
III. IGF-I
IV. progesterone
a. I and III only
b. II and IV only
c. I, II, and III only
d. II, III, and IV only
a. I and III only
Which of the following is NOT a function of growth hormone?
a. increase lipolysis
b. decrease collagen synthesis
c. increase amino acid transport
d. decrease glucose utilization
b. decrease collagen synthesis
Which of the following hormones has the greatest influence on neural changes?
a. growth hormone
b. testosterone
c. cortisol
d. IGF
b. testosterone
What type of resistance training workout promotes the highest growth hormone increases following the
exercise session?
Rest - Volume - Sets
a. 30 seconds - High - 3
b. 30 seconds - Low - 1
c. 3 minutes - High - 1
d. 3 minutes - Low - 3
a. 30 seconds - High - 3
Sites on hormone receptors where substances other than hormones can enhance or reduce the cellular response to the primary hormone
Allosteric binding site
Hormones that promote tissue building
Anabolic hormone
Hormones such as progesterone and cortisol that can metabolize and degrade protein cells
Catabolic hormone
Hormones such as progesterone and cortisol that can metabolize and degrade protein cells
Catabolic hormone
Normal fluctuations in hormone levels throughout the day
Diurnal variation
The process or inability of a receptor to interact with a hormone. Receptors have the ability to increase or decrease their binding sensitivity
Downregulation
Body structures specialized for synthesizing, storing, and releasing hormones
Endocrine gland
The general response of the adrenal gland to noxious stimuli. Begins with an alarm reaction followed by a reduction in function, but ultimately results in increased resistance to the stress above previous baseline levels
General adaptation syndrome
Chemical messengers that are synthesized, stored, and released into the blood by endocrine glands
Hormone
The result of a hormone binding to its receptor, which causes a shift in the receptor which activates it.
Hormone receptor complex (H-RC)
A principle in endocrinology that a given hormone interacts with a specific receptor. While hormones individually have the specific characteristics to bind and fully induce a signal through a specific receptor, cross-reactivity can occur where a receptor can partially interact with other hormones as well.
Lock-and-key theory
The study of the connection between the neural, endocrine, and immune systems
Neuroendocrine immunology
The study of interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system
Neuroendocrinology
Hormones made from chains of amino acids, such as growth hormone and insulin. These hormones are not fat-soluble and therefore cannot cross the cell membrane
Polypeptide hormone
Enzymes that break down proteins
Proteolytic enzyme
Fat-soluble hormones such as testosterone and cortisol that diffuse across the cell membrane. Upon diffusing through the sarcolemma, these hormones forms an H-RC with the receptors, leading to a chain of events within the cell that ultimately causes the double-stranded DNA to “open,” exposing units that code for the synthesis of specific proteins
Steroid hormone
A cell in the tissue that contains receptors targeted by a given hormone
Target tissue cell
Compounds within a cell that transmits the change in the receptor on the cell membrane due to hormone binding with the receptor. These propagate the hormonal signal through the cell to affect metabolic processes, DNA transcription, or mRNA translation initiation
Secondary messenger
Permissive hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine and calcitonin are the primary examples
Thyroid hormone
