Chapter 4 - Endocrine Responses to Resistance Exercises

Question 1

After a bout of resistance training, acute hormonal secretions provide all of the following information to the body EXCEPT

a. amount of physiological stress
b. metabolic demands of exercise
c. type of physiological stress
d. energy expended

Answer 1

d. energy expended

Question 2

Which of the following hormones enhance(s) muscle tissue growth?

I. growth hormone
II. cortisol
III. IGF-I
IV. progesterone

a. I and III only
b. II and IV only
c. I, II, and III only
d. II, III, and IV only

Answer 2

a. I and III only

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of growth hormone?

a. increase lipolysis
b. decrease collagen synthesis
c. increase amino acid transport
d. decrease glucose utilization

Answer 3

b. decrease collagen synthesis

Question 4

Which of the following hormones has the greatest influence on neural changes?

a. growth hormone
b. testosterone
c. cortisol
d. IGF

Answer 4

b. testosterone

Question 5

What type of resistance training workout promotes the highest growth hormone increases following the
exercise session?

Rest - Volume - Sets
a. 30 seconds - High - 3
b. 30 seconds - Low - 1
c. 3 minutes - High - 1
d. 3 minutes - Low - 3

Answer 5

a. 30 seconds - High - 3

Question 6

Sites on hormone receptors where substances other than hormones can enhance or reduce the cellular response to the primary hormone

Answer 6

Allosteric binding site

Question 7

Hormones that promote tissue building

Answer 7

Anabolic hormone

Question 8

Hormones such as progesterone and cortisol that can metabolize and degrade protein cells

Answer 8

Catabolic hormone

Question 9

Hormones such as progesterone and cortisol that can metabolize and degrade protein cells

Answer 9

Catabolic hormone

Question 10

Normal fluctuations in hormone levels throughout the day

Answer 10

Diurnal variation

Question 11

The process or inability of a receptor to interact with a hormone. Receptors have the ability to increase or decrease their binding sensitivity

Answer 11

Downregulation

Question 12

Body structures specialized for synthesizing, storing, and releasing hormones

Answer 12

Endocrine gland ​

Question 13

The general response of the adrenal gland to noxious stimuli. Begins with an alarm reaction followed by a reduction in function, but ultimately results in increased resistance to the stress above previous baseline levels

Answer 13

General adaptation syndrome

Question 14

Chemical messengers that are synthesized, stored, and released into the blood by endocrine glands

Answer 14

Hormone

Question 15

The result of a hormone binding to its receptor, which causes a shift in the receptor which activates it.

Answer 15

Hormone receptor complex (H-RC)

Question 16

A principle in endocrinology that a given hormone interacts with a specific receptor. While hormones individually have the specific characteristics to bind and fully induce a signal through a specific receptor, cross-reactivity can occur where a receptor can partially interact with other hormones as well.

Answer 16

Lock-and-key theory

Question 17

The study of the connection between the neural, endocrine, and immune systems

Answer 17

Neuroendocrine immunology

Question 18

The study of interactions between the nervous system and the endocrine system

Answer 18

Neuroendocrinology

Question 19

Hormones made from chains of amino acids, such as growth hormone and insulin. These hormones are not fat-soluble and therefore cannot cross the cell membrane

Answer 19

Polypeptide hormone

Question 20

Enzymes that break down proteins

Answer 20

Proteolytic enzyme

Question 21

Fat-soluble hormones such as testosterone and cortisol that diffuse across the cell membrane. Upon diffusing through the sarcolemma, these hormones forms an H-RC with the receptors, leading to a chain of events within the cell that ultimately causes the double-stranded DNA to “open,” exposing units that code for the synthesis of specific proteins

Answer 21

Steroid hormone

Question 21

A cell in the tissue that contains receptors targeted by a given hormone

Answer 21

Target tissue cell

Question 21

Compounds within a cell that transmits the change in the receptor on the cell membrane due to hormone binding with the receptor. These propagate the hormonal signal through the cell to affect metabolic processes, DNA transcription, or mRNA translation initiation

Answer 21

Secondary messenger

Question 22

Permissive hormones secreted by the thyroid gland. Thyroxine and calcitonin are the primary examples

Answer 22

Thyroid hormone