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Practice Questions > Chapter 2 - Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Biomechanics of Resistance Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the definition of power?

a. (mass) ∙ (acceleration)
b. (force) ∙ (distance)
c. (force) ∙ (velocity)
d. (torque) ∙ (time)

A

c. (force) ∙ (velocity)

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2
Q

To compare performances of Olympic weightlifters of different body weights, the classic formula divides the load lifted by the athlete’s

a. body weight
b. body weight squared
c. lean body weight
d. body weight to the two-thirds power

A

d. body weight to the two-thirds power

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3
Q

During a free weight exercise, muscle force varies with which of the following?

I. perpendicular distance from the weight to the body joint
II. joint angle
III. movement acceleration
IV. movement velocity squared

a. I and III only
b. II and IV only
c. I, II, and III only
d. II, III, and IV only

A

a. I and III only

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4
Q

A vertical jump involves knee, hip, and shoulder movement primarily in which of the following anatomical planes?

a. sagittal
b. perpendicular
c. frontal
d. transverse

A

a. sagittal

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5
Q

Anathleteisperformingaconcentricisokineticelbowflexionandextensionexercise.Whichofthefollowing type(s) of levers occur(s) at the elbow during this exercise?

I. first class
II. second class
III. third class

a. I only
b. II only
c. I and III only
d. II and III only

A

c. I and III only

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6
Q

The change in velocity per unit of time.

A

Acceleration

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7
Q

The muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement is called the
prime mover

A

Agonist

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8
Q

The angle between the muscle fibers and an imaginary line between the muscle origin and insertion.

A

Angle of pennation

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9
Q

The angle through which an object rotates, measured in radians (rad)

A

Angular displacement

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10
Q

An object’s rotational speed measured in radians per second

A

Angular velocity

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11
Q

The muscle that can slow down or stop a movement. This assists in joint stabilization and braking the limb towards the end of a fast movement.

A

Antagonist

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12
Q

The mechanism through which the musculoskeletal components interact to create movement.

A

Biomechanics

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13
Q

A form of acceleration training where an athlete performs a movement with less than normal and greater than normal resistance

A

Bracketing technique

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14
Q

Joints in the body that allow some movement, such as the vertebrae

A

Cartilaginous joint

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15
Q

A formula used to compare the relative strength of athletes taking into account differences in body weight. In the this formula, the load lifted is divided by the athlete’s body weight to the two-thirds power.

A

Classic formula

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16
Q

Action that occurs when a muscle produces contractile force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle. The lifting phase of a resistance movement is a classic example of concentric muscle action.

A

Concentric Muscle Action

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17
Q

Further from the midline in reference to limb muscle attachments. The distal attachment is also known as the insertion

A

Distal

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18
Q

The posterior portion of the vertebral disks

A

Dorsal

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19
Q

Action that occurs when a muscle produces force less than the resistive force, resulting in a lengthening of a muscle. The lowering phase of resistance training exercises is a well-known example of this.

A

Eccentric muscle action

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20
Q

Attachments from muscle to bone, such as tendons, that are contiguous with the muscle and have connective tissue surrounding the bone, making a very strong union.

A

Fibrous attachments

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21
Q

A lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on opposite sides of the fulcrum

A

First-class lever

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22
Q

Muscle-to-bone attachments where the muscle fibers are directly attached to the bone, usually over a wide area. Most often found at the proximal attachment.

A

Fleshy attachments

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23
Q

The resistive force encountered by an object moving through a fluid or by a fluid moving past or around an object or through an opening. XXX is significant in sports such as swimming and sprinting, and is also used in resistance training in hydraulic and pneumatic machines.

A

Fluid resistance

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24
Q

The resistance from a fluid pressing against the front or rear of an object.

A

Form drag

25
Q

The resistive force encountered when attempting to move an object that is pressed against another object.

A

Friction

26
Q

An imaginary plane that slices the body into front and back pieces when viewed in the anatomical position. This plane is used to describe motions performed by the human body. The lateral dumbbell raise is an example of a this type of movement

A

Frontal plane

27
Q

The pivot point of a lever

A

Fulcrum

28
Q

Additional force exerted by a barbell or weight stack when it is accelerated. Inertial force can act in any direction

A

Inertial force

29
Q

The distal attachment point of a muscle

A

Insertion

30
Q

Muscle action that occurs when the contractile force is equal to the resistive force, resulting in muscle force with no change in muscle length. Maintaining a neutral spine during the plank exercise is an example of this.

A

Isometric muscle action

31
Q

The natural rounding in the thoracic spine

A

Kyphotic

32
Q

A rigid or semi-rigid body that when subjected to a force whose line of action does not pass through its pivot point, exerts a force on any object impeding its tendency to rotate

A

Lever

33
Q

The natural curve in the lumbar spine

A

Lordotic

34
Q

The ratio of the moment arm through which an applied force acts to that through which a resistive force acts. The produce of the applied force and the moment arm must equal the product of the resistive force and the moment arm. Therefore, XXX, represented by a ratio greater than 1.0, allows the applied muscle force to be less than the resistive force to produce an equal amount of torque

A

Mechanical advantage

35
Q

The perpendicular distance from the line of action of the force to the fulcrum

A

Moment arm

36
Q

Force generated by biomechanical activity or the stretching of non-contractile tissue that tends to draw the opposite ends of a muscle toward each other

A

Muscle force

37
Q

The proximal attachment of a muscle to bone

A

Origin

38
Q

A muscle with fibers that align obliquely with the tendon

A

Pennate muscle

39
Q

The time rate of doing work. XXX is a function of force and velocity and reflects the ability to exert force at a given velocity

A

Power

40
Q

Closer to the midline in reference to limb muscle attachments. Proximal muscle attachments are also referred to as the origin

A

Proximal

41
Q

The rate at which motor units are fired.

A

Rate coding

42
Q

The firing of a motor unit

A

Recruitment

43
Q

Force generated by a source external to the body that acts contrary to muscle force.

A

Resistive force

44
Q

Rotational work divided by the time

A

Rotational power

45
Q

Work measured in joules, calculated by multiplying the torque by the angular displacement

A

Rotational work

46
Q

An imaginary plane that slices the body into left and right pieces when viewed from the anatomical position. This plane is used to describe movements in the human body. Standing bicep curls are an example of it.

A

Sagittal plane

47
Q

A lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force acting through a moment arm longer than that through which the resistive force acts. These levers allow a smaller muscle force to lift a greater resistance through mechanical advantage

A

Second-class lever

48
Q

The ability to exert force

A

Strength

49
Q

The friction of a fluid passing along the surface of an object.

A

Surface drag

50
Q

Muscles that assist indirectly in a movement. These are required to control body motions when the agonist crosses two different joints.

A

Synergist

51
Q

Fibrous attachments that are continuous with both the muscle sheaths and connective tissue surrounding the bone. These create a very strong union between muscle and bone

A

Tendons

52
Q

A lever for which the muscle force and resistive force act on the same side of the fulcrum, with the muscle force acting through a moment arm shorter than that through which the resistive force acts. The mechanical advantage in a XXX lever is less than 1.0, meaning that the muscle force must be greater than the resistance to produce equivalent torque

A

Third-class lever

53
Q

The degree to which a force tends to rotate an object around a specified fulcrum. It is defined quantitatively as the magnitude of a force times the length of the moment arm

A

Torque

54
Q

An imaginary plane that slices the body into upper and lower halves when viewed in the anatomical position. This plane is used to describe human movement. Dumbbell flies are an example of it

A

Transverse plane

55
Q

A method of generating intra-abdominal pressure by closing the glottis and keeping air from escaping the lungs while contracting the abdomen and rib cage. This creates a compressive force on the heart which can make it more difficult for blood to return to the heart. It is possible to create intra-abdominal pressure by contracting the core and diaphragm without a closed glottis, which is a safer method for most resistance training exercises

A

Valsalva maneuver

56
Q

The anterior edges of vertebral bodies.

A

Ventral

57
Q

The vertebral bones of the spine stacked on one another and separated by rubbery disks

A

Vertebral column

58
Q

The mass of an object multiplied by the local acceleration from gravity in meters per second.

A

Weight

59
Q

The product of the force exerted on an object and the distance the object moves in the direction of the force.

A

Work

Practice Questions (8 decks)

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