Chapter 6

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

Arbitrary, symbolic system that labels and categorizes

Question 2

Language Features

Answer 2

Arbitrariness
Abstractness
Meaning-centeredness
Creativity (productivity, displacement, meta-communication)

Question 3

Language Rule Patterns

Answer 3

Phonology
Morphology
Syntactics
Semantics
Pragmatics

Question 4

Language Functions

Answer 4

Cultural Worldview function
Everyday Social Reality function
Cognitive Shaping function
Group Membership Identity function
Social Change function

Question 5

Cultural Worldview Function

Answer 5

To understand language in context, we must understand fundamental worldview
LINEAR WORLDVIEW: rational, analytical, objective (inductive reasoning or deductive reasoning)
RELATIONAL WORLDVIEW: holistic, based on context
(dramatic spiral reasoning or understated spiral reasoning)

Question 6

Everyday Social Reality Function

Answer 6

Individuals emphasize important/unimportant events and interesting/uninteresting value priorities

Question 7

Cognitive Shaping Function

Answer 7

Language serves as filter between what we think and how our thinking is shaped by grammatical structure

Question 8

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Answer 8

Strong - Language determines our thinking pattern

Weak - Language influences our thinking pattern

Question 9

Group Membership Identity Function

Answer 9

Language is a rallying point for evoking group sentiment and shared identity

Question 10

Social Change Function

Answer 10

Humans use the social tool of language, cause language changes

Question 11

Verbal Communication Styles

Answer 11

Low Context-High Context
Direct-Indirect
Self enhancement-Self humbling
Talk and Silence