Chapter 6

Question 1

how does socialization continue as well as change throughout life?

Answer 1

The four stages of the life course are childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Socialization continues throughout all these stages.

What happens during childhood may have lifelong consequences. Traumatic experiences and other negative events during childhood may impair psychological well-being in adolescence and beyond and lead to various behavioral problems.

Social location in society—social class, race and ethnicity, and gender—affects how well people fare during the stages of the life course.

Question 2

what are the agents of socialization?

Answer 2

people and groups who teach us about our culture.

Family, school, media, peer groups, the workplace, religion, and total institutions

Question 3

what is resocialization?

Answer 3

the process by which individuals replace old norms and behaviors with new ones as they move from one role or life stage to another

Question 4

Symbolic Interaction Theory - Developing of Self

Answer 4

George H. Mead

Balance between Mead’s “I” and Mead’s “Me”

Question 5

Mead’s “I”

Answer 5

sense of self that is spontaneous, impulsive, creative, and unpredictable.

non reflective and exists only in the person

resistance to social norms and social control

Question 6

Gender socialization

Answer 6

refers to the learning of behavior and attitudes considered appropriate for a given sex.

Question 7

Rites of passage

Answer 7

activities that mark and celebrate a change in a persons

Question 8

What is socialization?

Answer 8

is the process through which people learn their culture’s basic norms, values, beliefs, and appropriate behaviors

Question 9

Group socialization

Answer 9

Individual’s peer groups, rather than parental figures, influences his or her personality and behavior in adulthood.

Question 10

what is the nature-nurture debate?

Answer 10

a disagreement about the relative importance of biology (“nature”) and the social environment (“nurture”) in influencing human behavior.

Question 11

Occupational socialization

Answer 11

process of learning the informal norms associated with a type of employment

Question 12

Mead’s “Me”

Answer 12

sense of self that has been learned from interaction with others

adhere to social norms

Question 13

total institutions

Answer 13

confining social settings in which an authority regulates all aspects of a person’s life

nursing home, psychiatric hospital, prisons, boarding school, military barracks, convents

Question 14

Parenting styles

Answer 14

Authoritarian: High expectations/Little nurturance
Authoritative: High expectations/High nurturance
Permissive: Low expectations/High nurturance
Uninvolved: Low expectations/Low nurturance

Question 15

The stages of social development in children (Role Taking)

Answer 15

Pre-play
Play
Game
Generalized other

Question 16

looking glass self

Answer 16

Charles H. Cooley

the idea that our sense of self develops as a reflection of the way we think others to see us

Perception, interpretation, response

Question 17

The life-course-perspective

Answer 17

looks at how age, time, and place, shape social identities and experiences over a life time

childhood, adolescences, adulthood, old age

the process from one life stage to another can involve a shift in a person’s responsibilities, living situation, or standing within their community

Question 18

Different sociological explanations of socialization

Answer 18

primary
secondary
developmental
anticipatory
resocialization

Question 19

Cultural socialization

Answer 19

refers to parenting practices that teach children about their racial history or heritage and, sometimes, is referred to as pride development

Question 20

peer groups

Answer 20

a group of people, usually of comparable age, who share similar interests and social status

Question 21

Socialization purpose

Answer 21

social identity
role taking
behavior
how the elements of a culture are transmitted