Chapter 16 Flashcards
Describe the different types of political systems.
Democracy—a political system in which citizens control the state
Totalitarianism—a political system in which government controls every aspect of people’s lives
Authoritarianism—a political system in which the state controls the lives of its citizens but permits some degree of individual freedom
Monarchy—authoritarian regime in which power is based on heredity
Describe the structure of politics in the U.S.
Republicans tend to be older, college graduates, male, white, Protestant, and have higher incomes and more prestigious occupations.
Democrats are more likely to be women, minorities, and the working class.
Describe the different groups that influence politics.
Campaign contributions are an important factor in winning elections.
> Hard money comes from donations that the Federal Election Commission regulates.
> Soft money is any contribution that is not regulated by federal election law.
Political Action Committees (PACS)—special interest groups set up to raise money to elect candidates to public office
> PACS are supported by members of corporations, professional groups, and labor union.
> PACS may provide access to politicians and create a sense of obligation and need to reciprocate.
Who votes in the U.S.?
On average, about half of U.S. citizens vote.
Registration and voting vary by:
> Age—Older people are more likely to vote than younger people.
> Marital status—Married people are more likely to vote.
> Social class—Those with higher incomes and educational levels are more likely to vote.
> Race and ethnicity—whites are more likely to vote. Candidates are increasingly courting minorities.
> Religion—Jews and mainline Protestants are more likely to vote. Religious affiliation influences party affiliation.
> Attitudes—Many Americans are cynical about politics.
> Situational and structural factors—Political participation can be influenced by illness, out-of-town travel, transportation or registration problems.
