Chapter 6 Flashcards
Purposes of Participatory Approaches (4)
- Improved empowerment and equity
- Enhanced community Capacity
- Improved social and economic outcomes
- Improved environmental quality and resilience
Non-Participation (arnstein)
Therapy
Manipulation
Tokenism
arnstein
Placation
Consultation
Informing
Citizen Power
arnstein
Citizen Control
Delegated power
Partnership
Arnstein’s ladder of participation (categories)
Non-Participation
Tokenism
Citizen Power
Social Entrepreneurship
The efforts of individuals and organizations to address social or environmental problems by employing business strategies and innovative approaches to achieve their mission.
Two categories of Disputes and Conflict
Latent
Manifest
Latent Disputes/Conflict
private thoughts, opinions, discussions
Manifest Disputes/Conflict
protests, activism, blockades, legal action
Potential beneficial outcomes of conflict?
Highlights unfair processes and outcomes
Questions Status quo
Empowerment, increased participation, awareness.
Potential destructive outcomes of conflict
Escalation (war, violence)
Merges with other societal divisions
Usual Responses to REM conflicts
Political
Administrative
Judicial (legal action)
Alternative dispute resolution (ADR)
Alternative Dispute Resolution examples
Consultation
Negotiation
Alternative Dispute Resolution examples
Consultation
Negotiation
Mediation
Arbitration
Types of Responses to REM conflicts
Political
Administrative
Judicial
Alternative Dispute Resolution
