Chapter 16

Question 1

“Mineral Industry “

Answer 1

Refers to all mineral extraction with the exception of oil and gas

Question 2

“Mineral Industry”

Answer 2

Refers to all mineral extraction with the exception of oil and gas. (included oil sands, as they are mined)

Question 3

Canada is the top producer, by volume, of ____, and in the top three of ________

Answer 3

Potash

Uranium, Cobalt, Aluminum

Canada is the top producer, by volume, of potash, and in the top three of uranium, cobalt, and aluminum

Question 4

mineral and metal processing sector has been viewed as having five main stages:

Answer 4

1. MINING AND QUARRYING
2. SMELTING AND REFINING
3. SEMI-FABRICATED PARTS
4. FABRICATED PARTS AND SIMPLE PRODUCTS
5. PRODUCT ASSEMBLY

Question 5

Before a potential prospect can be developed into a mine, two fundamental criteria must be considered:

Answer 5

economic grade (concentration of mineral)

volume of ore

Question 6

Shadow effect

Answer 6

The impacts of mining that can spread beyond the disturbance caused in the immediate region, such as with the development of roads that disrupt wildlife and migration patterns.

Question 7

minerals:

Answer 7

a naturally occurring inorganic substance

Question 8

mining companies scour the globe for highest grade ores and deposits

Answer 8

historically, exploration has focused in Global North (especially USA, Canada, Australia)

recent focus on Global South (Latin America, Africa, Asia), former Soviet bloc

overall trend of economic globalization and transnational capital (mining corporations

Question 9

Factors affectin

Answer 9

GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHIC: quality, quantity, accessibility

ECONOMIC: supply, demand, market price, production costs •eg; labour, infrastructure, royalty regime, environmental costs, etc.

POLITICAL: laws, policies, royalty regimes, ‘strategic’ resources •eg; potash, uranium

Question 10

Mining trends

Answer 10

shift from Global North to Global South

shift from underground operations to less expensive surface mining operations

Question 11

Corporate social responsibility programs (CSR)

Answer 11

An overarching term used by corporations for voluntary activities designed to address social, cultural, economic, and environmental initiatives.

Question 12

Open-pit mines

Answer 12

Open-pit mines often use very large equipment designed to move huge amounts of ore and waste in order to make lower-grade ore deposits economically viable.

Question 13

Underground mines

Answer 13

Ore deposits are deeper, and less plentiful. However, quality is high enough to exceed costs. A higher grade of ore is required for the operation to be profitable.

Question 14

SLO - Social Licence to Operate

Answer 14

A social licence to operate (SLO) refers to the level of acceptance or approval by local communities and stakeholders of organisations and their operations

Question 15

The Mining Association of Canada (MAC) instigated the first multi-stakeholder initiative of its kind in the world

Answer 15

the Whitehorse Mining Initiative (WMI).

Question 16

Towards Sustainable Mining

Answer 16

set of guidelines and performance indicators focused on crisis management, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, tailings management, Aboriginal and community outreach, safety and health, biodiversity conservation, and mine closure.