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Resource and Environmental Management > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Conflict

A

a fight or struggle, especially a prolonged one; a dispute or disagreement or quarrel… a clashing of opposing principles

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2
Q

Bitumen

A

Heavy, thick form of crude oil (found in Alberta’s oil sands)

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3
Q

Name of biggest oil spill in U.S. history

A

Deepwater Horizon oil rig, Macondo well in the gulf of Mexico (2010)

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4
Q

Estimated total cost for Deepwater Horizon oil spill

A

40 bilion dollars

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5
Q

Northern Gateway project

A

A proposed 1,177 km oil pipeline from Alberta to Kitimat on the northwest coast of BC which was approved in June 2014.

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6
Q

Proponent motivations for the proposed Northern Gateway project

A
  • growing demand for oil in China and other East Asian countries
  • possible decrease of US demand for Alberta oil
  • diversifying markets for the Alberta Sands bitumen
  • “economic benefits for all Canadians”
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7
Q

In Late July 2012, the BC provincial government ____________ before it would support proposals for pipelines crossing BC

A

identified five requirements

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8
Q

Five Requirements by the British Columbia Government Regarding Heavy Oil Pipelines (ABRV)

A
  1. ENVIRONMENT
  2. MARINE
  3. PRACTICES
  4. ABORIGINAL
  5. FISCAL
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9
Q

BC Requirement 1 (ENVIRONMENT)

A
  1. An environmental review process must be successfully completed.
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10
Q

BC Requirement 2 (MARINE)

A
  1. World-leading marine oil spill response, prevention and recovery systems are required to manage and mitigate risks and costs of heavy oil pipelines.
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11
Q

BC Requirement 3 (PRACTICES)

A
  1. World-leading practices for land oil spill prevention, response and recovery systems are required to manage
    and mitigate the risks and costs of heavy oil pipelines
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12
Q

BC Requirement 4 (ABORIGINAL)

A
  1. Legal requirements regarding aboriginal and treaty rights must be addressed and First Nations are to be
    provided with the opportunities, information and resources necessary to participate in and benefit
    from a heavy oil project
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13
Q

BC Requirement 5 (FISCAL)

A
  1. British Columbia needs to receive a fair share of the fiscal and economic benefits of a proposed heavy oil
    project that reflects the level, degree and nature of the risk borne by the province, the environment and taxpayers.
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14
Q

Which of BC’s five requirements did Alberta reject?

A

5 - stating that such interprovincial trade has never involved the type of transfer payments sought by BC.

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15
Q

Harmonization

A

the selective standardization of laws, rules and norms across political jurisdictions

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16
Q

Subsidiarity

A

the delegation of decision making and policy implementation to the lowest appropriate scale

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17
Q

Four Types of Conflict

A

Cognitive

Value

Interest

Behavioural

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18
Q

COGNITIVE conflict

A

Results from different understanding of a situation.

Such differences may lead to different technical judgements

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19
Q

VALUE conflict

A

Arises from different judgments about the ends to be achieved, even if agreement exists regarding the consequences of alternative ends.

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20
Q

INTEREST conflict

A

Occurs as a result of disagreement about the distribution benefits and costs. In other words, who should the beneficiaries be and who should pay for the costs?

21
Q

BEHAVIOURAL conflict

A

Emerges related to the personalities and circumstances of the interested parties. This reflects a history of previous and ongoing relationships among those involved in the conflict, which may colour their attitudes towards each other and towards possible solutions.

22
Q

Uncertainty

A

Occurs when something is not known with certainty. Not known with certainty; not finally established; in doubt; dubious; likely to changes, not reliable; not constant, varying; not settled or fixed, indeterminate

23
Q

Wynne’s four kinds of situations that occur

A

Risk
Uncertainty
Ignorance
Indeterminancy

24
Q

We talk about RISK when…

A

the odds or probability are known.

The behaviour of a system is known and the probability of various outcomes can be defined and quantified

25
Q

UNCERTAINTY occurs when

A

the odds or probability are unknown.

(The behaviour of a system is not known and therefore it is not possible to estimate the probability of a given outcome.)

26
Q

IGNORANCE is when

A

We do not know what we should know. Do not even know what questions we should be asking.

(We are unaware of a possible problem, and therefore do not even consider it)

27
Q

INDETERMINANCY arises when

A

Causal chains or networks are open. Understanding is not possible.

(there is a lack of understanding or cause and effect relationships. it may be unrealistic for humans to assume that we can understand all systems)

28
Q

Canada is a ___ state

A

federal

29
Q

Canada is a federal state, with power and authority shared between

A

the federal and provincial governments.

30
Q

Municipal governments receive their power from ___

A

provincial legislatures.

31
Q

3 Types of Civil Society Groups

A
  1. Promoters
  2. Conservationists and Environmentalists
  3. Technologists
32
Q

PROMOTERS

[Civil Society Groups][

A

Advocate policies that support economic growth, streamline and reduce regulations, and encourage investment and private sector entrepreneurship.

33
Q

CONSERVATIONISTS AND ENVIRONMENTALISTS

[Civil Society Groups][

A

Support initiatives to control or avoid wasteful exploitation of natural resources and the environment.

34
Q

TECHNOLOGISTS

[Civil Society Groups][

A

Civil Society group whose main focus is on “good” management of natural resources and the environment.

35
Q

Issue Attention Cycle (1972)

A

Downs describes a process called the “issue-attention cycle,” by which every issue has to struggle to remain on the radar screens of key policy and decision makers.

36
Q

5 stages of the Issue Attention Cycle

A
  1. PRE-PROBLEM
  2. ALARMED DISCOVERY AND EUPHORIC ENTHUSIASM
  3. REALIZING THE COST OF SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS
  4. GRADUAL DECLINE OF PUBLIC INTEREST
  5. POST-PROBLEM STAGE
37
Q

PRE-PROBLEM STAGE

[Issue Attention Cycle]

A

State where a general lack of awareness exists about a problem, except by a few experts.

38
Q

ALARMED DISCOVERY AND EUPHORIC ENTHUSIASM

[Issue Attention Cycle]

A

Stage during which the public becomes aware of an issue and pressures decision-makers to take action.

39
Q

REALIZING THE COST OF SIGNIFICANT PROGRESS

[Issue Attention Cycle]

A

Stage during which both decision-makers and the public become aware of the costs that could be involved.

40
Q

GRADUAL DECLINE OF PUBLIC INTEREST

[Issue Attention Cycle]

A

State where, as a result of appreciation of the costs of action, and also the emergence of other issues, a gradual decline of public interest occurs.

41
Q

POST-PROBLEM STAGE

[Issue Attention Cycle]

A

Stage during which the issue remains of interest to those with relevant expertise, and who strive to shift the issue back to stage 2.

42
Q

The IA cycle reminds us that…

A

those concerned about each issues have to work hard to maintain its position on policy agendas.

43
Q

those concerned about each issue have to work hard to maintain its position on policy agendas. Why?

A
  • supporters of other issues are always striving to replace it
  • rarely are sufficient funds/human resources available for all deserving issues
  • thus, priorities must be established, trade-offs made, and choices taken.
  • all of this occurs against a backdrop of much uncertainty
44
Q

BEST PRACTICES are..

A

desirable attributes when a resource or environmental issue is being managed.

45
Q

BEST PRACTICES (7)

A

VISION

LEGITIMACY

SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE

ADAPTATION AND RESILIENCE

PARTNERSHIPS

IMPACT AND RISK ASSESSMENT

COMMUNICATION

46
Q

Vision

A

A realistic, credible, and attractive future for a region, community, or group

47
Q

Forecasting

A

Analysts seek to understand the characteristics about the present condition, make assumptions about the future, and then identify most likely conditions at some time in the future.

48
Q

Backcasting

A

Identifying an ideal future condition then focusing on determining decisions that need to be made between now and then to ensure the desirable future is realized.

49
Q

Considerations for “VISION

A
  • differentiate from probably, most desirable and most feasible future conditions.
  • Forecasting
  • Backcasting
  • Considering feasibility and practicality
  • Creating a vision that will generally be supported

Resource and Environmental Management (14 decks)

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