Chapter 6 Flashcards
what are thematic roles and what are the 2 general types
entities referred to in a sentence
actor - initiator of the action
patient - entity effected or changed by action
What are the other thematic role types
Theme - entity moved by action
Instrument - means by which action is performed
Beneficiary - entity who benefits from action
Location - place where action is performed
Source - entity from which something moves
Goal - entity to which something moves
What did Jackendoff propose?
sometimes entities may occupy more than one thematic role in a sentence
there are 2 tiers of these situations: action and thematic
what are the components of the action and thematic tiers
Action - actor, patient, instrument, beneficiary
Thematic - theme, location, source, goal
What did filmore and givon propose
suggests that there is a hierarchy of thematic roles that can move into the subject role of sentences
what is the hierarchy that filmore and givon propose
agent
recipient/benefactive
theme/patient
instrument/location
what is transivity and what are the 3 types
refers to whether a verb takes an object
intransitive - takes no object
transitive - takes a direct object
ditransitive - involves a direct and indirect object
What did dowty propose
suggests that agents and patients posses distinctive features that identify them as distinct prototypes
agents - movement
patients - changes of state
how do lakota people indicate agents?
prefix - ma
how do lakota people indicate patients?
prefix - wa
how can agents be marked in english
by active or passive voice
what is passive voice?
putting something in past tense with were or similar things
what is middle voice
emphasizes how the subject or object is affected by the action described by the verb
what are classifiers
free or bound morphemes that code characteristics of nouns they are associated with
how do east asian languages use classifiers?
they associate them with numbers
