Chapter 1 Flashcards
what are the 4 levels of analysis
phonology, syntax, semiotics, semantics
signification
the habit of creating, identifying, interpreting signs
who is ferdinad de sausser
the dude who made up sign and signifier
signifier
a symbol or sign
signified
what the signifier represents
who is CS pierce
who made up icon, index, and symbol
definition theory
states that to give meaning of linguistic expression we should establish definitions of the meanings of words
circularity
how do we define the meaning of words and sentences without using language
semantic vs encyclopedic knowledge
do words and sentences provide an exact representation of the real world? what is the true nature of reality?
context (challenge)
how is meaning defined by what a speaker already knows about what is being said? what is the role of culture
phonology
study of sounds a language has and how the sounds combine to form words
syntax
study of how words can be combined into sentences
semiotics
study of linguistic meaning of sighns and symbols
semantics
the study of meaning of words involving sense and reference
entailment
relationship between sentences
ex: if A entails B then if we know A we automatically know B; vice versa
metalanguage
a form of language or set of terms used for the description or analysis of another language
mental lexicon
list of words which each off us has in our memory
Arabic dictionary written in french
identify the metalanguage and the object language
french: meta
Arabic: object
productivity
ability for new words to be created in language
Recursive
allowing repetitive embedding or coordination of syntactic categories
can the meaning of sentences be listed into a lexicon?
no, t must be created by rules of combination too
compositional
the meaning of an expression is determined by the meaning of its component parts
sense
how words and sentences form a coherent system
internal to language
reference
how language hooks onto the world
mediates between language and the world
utterance
created by speaking or writing a piece of language
real pieces of speech
sentences
abstract grammatical elements obtained from utterances
propositions
descriptions of states of affairs
can be a way of capturing part of the meaning of sentences
the same proposition can be represented by several different statements
pragmatics
relation of linguistic sings to each other
