Chapter 5

Question 1

define tense

Answer 1

allows speakers to locate a situation to time, and allows to locate a situation relative to a reference point in time

Question 2

define aspect

Answer 2

aspect pertains to how an even unfolds in time

allows speaker to view an event in various ways (complete, incomplete, short, long, repeated)

Question 3

what are the 2 forms of aspect

Answer 3

perfective - speaker is outside an action or event

imperfective - speaker is inside the event

Question 4

what is akrtionsart

Answer 4

lexical aspect, semantica feature of verbs in most languages and need not be grammatical
pertains to the duration of the action denoted by a verb

Question 5

what is grammatical aspect

Answer 5

marked by inflection or different forms of a verb root like adding ing

Question 6

define inflection

Answer 6

change in word to express grammatical function

Question 7

how many prefixes are present in the navajo language to mark grammatical aspect

Answer 7

22

Question 8

how is aspect shown asl

Answer 8

repetition

Question 9

what are the 2 forms of grammatical aspect

Answer 9

perfect/simple - conveys idea as short, bounded

imperfect/progressive - ongoing, unbounded

Question 10

In Navajo language what is predominant over nouns?

Answer 10

verbs, they have a very complex system of verb morphology

Question 11

what is the slot and filler template for the Navajo language?

Answer 11

a template that consists of 11 prefixes arranged in a fixed order that are added to verb stems

Question 12

iin which slot of the slot and filler template is info of aspect, mode, and the future indicated

Answer 12

slot 7

Question 13

What are the types of static verbs

Answer 13

Resultative - completive
Punctual/Semelfactive - instantaneous 
Atelic - ongoing, unbounded
Denoting State of Mind 
Auxiallary + Adjective - the theatre is full
Imperative - sit still, learn french

Question 14

what are the types of dynamic verbs

Answer 14

Inchoative - change of state
Durative - extend over time
Telic vs Atelic - bounded vs unbounded

Question 15

what is the difference between static and dynamic verbs

Answer 15

S: used to describe states
D: imply the action has subparts, gradual

Question 16

What did CS Smith do

Answer 16

organized verbs into situation types of 3 semantic categories

Question 17

what are the categories and situations smith organized

Answer 17

Categories
-static
-durative
-Telic
Situations
-mental states
-accomplishments - bounded events
-semelfactives - instantaneous, atelic events
-achievements - point events

Question 18

What is modality? how is it denoted

Answer 18

allows the speaker to express their commitment to the factual truth of statements
verbal suffixes, auxiliary verbs

Question 19

What is the difference between realis and irrealis mode?

Answer 19

realis - mode affirms the truth of what is being said

irrealis - mode that is used to talk about events which have not or will not happen

Question 20

what is the main type of realis

Answer 20

indictive - form used for factual statements

Question 21

what are the 2 forms of irrealis

Answer 21

subjunctive - hypotheticals

conditional - events that depend on certain conditions

Question 22

what is evidentiality? what is it denoted by

Answer 22

allows speaker to express info about the source of facts

verbal suffixes - i saw that she was rich