Chapter 5 Flashcards
define tense
allows speakers to locate a situation to time, and allows to locate a situation relative to a reference point in time
define aspect
aspect pertains to how an even unfolds in time
allows speaker to view an event in various ways (complete, incomplete, short, long, repeated)
what are the 2 forms of aspect
perfective - speaker is outside an action or event
imperfective - speaker is inside the event
what is akrtionsart
lexical aspect, semantica feature of verbs in most languages and need not be grammatical
pertains to the duration of the action denoted by a verb
what is grammatical aspect
marked by inflection or different forms of a verb root like adding ing
define inflection
change in word to express grammatical function
how many prefixes are present in the navajo language to mark grammatical aspect
22
how is aspect shown asl
repetition
what are the 2 forms of grammatical aspect
perfect/simple - conveys idea as short, bounded
imperfect/progressive - ongoing, unbounded
In Navajo language what is predominant over nouns?
verbs, they have a very complex system of verb morphology
what is the slot and filler template for the Navajo language?
a template that consists of 11 prefixes arranged in a fixed order that are added to verb stems
iin which slot of the slot and filler template is info of aspect, mode, and the future indicated
slot 7
What are the types of static verbs
Resultative - completive Punctual/Semelfactive - instantaneous Atelic - ongoing, unbounded Denoting State of Mind Auxiallary + Adjective - the theatre is full Imperative - sit still, learn french
what are the types of dynamic verbs
Inchoative - change of state
Durative - extend over time
Telic vs Atelic - bounded vs unbounded
what is the difference between static and dynamic verbs
S: used to describe states
D: imply the action has subparts, gradual
What did CS Smith do
organized verbs into situation types of 3 semantic categories
what are the categories and situations smith organized
Categories -static -durative -Telic Situations -mental states -accomplishments - bounded events -semelfactives - instantaneous, atelic events -achievements - point events
What is modality? how is it denoted
allows the speaker to express their commitment to the factual truth of statements
verbal suffixes, auxiliary verbs
What is the difference between realis and irrealis mode?
realis - mode affirms the truth of what is being said
irrealis - mode that is used to talk about events which have not or will not happen
what is the main type of realis
indictive - form used for factual statements
what are the 2 forms of irrealis
subjunctive - hypotheticals
conditional - events that depend on certain conditions
what is evidentiality? what is it denoted by
allows speaker to express info about the source of facts
verbal suffixes - i saw that she was rich
