Chapter 6 Flashcards
The dry mass of a human body contains 65 percent oxygen.
True
Sucrose is also known as table sugar.
True
Lactose is composed of two fructose molecules.
False
Two of the functions of polysaccharides are as energy storage and as structural compounds.
True
Insulin is the storage carbohydrate found in animals.
False
The most widely consumed carbohydrate by humans is cellulose.
False
Cellulose and starch are composed of long chains of glucose.
True
Swine have specialized digestive systems that can digest cellulose.
False
Horses are not ruminants, but they can still digest cellulose.
True
Fiber is easily digested by humans.
False
Cellulose can be classified as a carbohydrate or a fiber.
True
Most plant protein sources are deficient in one or more of the essential amino acids.
True
Fats and oils can also be called triglycerides.
True
Animal fats are not typically saturated.
False
Saturated fatty acids have single bonds between the carbon atoms.
True
Low-density cholesterol removes excess cholesterol from the blood.
False
Unsaturated fats are generally considered healthier than saturated fats.
True
How many elements occur naturally?
91
The atomic number of an element is based on the number of:
protons
Which four elements compose 96 percent of Earth’s total mass?
oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon
The most prevalent nutrients in plant parts and seeds are:
carbohydrates
In addition to fructose, what is the other monosaccharide in high fructose corn syrup?
glucose
Sucrose is composed of which two compounds?
fructose and glucose
The long-chained glucose polymer important in the structural support of plants is:
cellulose
Which two compounds are most commonly used as a source to produce biofuels?
starch and cellulose
How many amino acids are used for protein synthesis?
20
Humans can synthesize how many of the amino acids needed for protein synthesis?
11
Plants can synthesize how many of the amino acids needed for protein synthesis?
20
Which of the following is a perfect protein to meet human nutritional needs?
A. beef
B. fish
C. chicken eggs
D. soybeans
C. chicken eggs
Which of the following vitamins can be synthesized upon exposure to sunlight?
A. vitamin D
B. vitamin A
C. vitamin C
D. vitamin E
A. vitamin D
How many essential vitamins must be obtained from the diet?
13
Which of the following foods is high in omega-3-fatty acids?
A. beef
B. salmon
C. chicken
D. pork
B. salmon
How many minerals are essential to the human diet?
17
All living organisms and nonliving material are made of ___________.
Elements
The smallest component of an element is an _______.
Atom
_________________ are the compounds in which the sun’s energy is captured during photosynthesis.
Carbohydrates
Based on the number of basic units, carbohydrates are classified as _________________, __________________, and _____________________.
monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
Simple sugars that are the basic units of all carbohydrates are also known as _______________.
monosaccharides
Carbohydrates that are composed of two monosaccharides are called ___________________.
disaccharides
Lactose is composed of two monosaccharides called _________ and _________________.
glucose, and galactose
The two forms of starch are _________ and _______________.
amylose and amylopectin
Animals like cattle and sheep that can digest cellulose are called _________________.
Ruminants
Fiber can be classified as ____________ or _____________.
Soluble or insoluble
Proteins are composed of molecules called ___________________.
Amino acids
____________ are small organic compounds iportant in regulation of metabolism.
Vitamins
The three major types of lipids are ___________________, ____________________, and ___________________.
simple lipids, phospholipids, and steroids
Lipids from animals are solid at room temperature and called ____; lipids from plants are liquid at room temperature and called ______.
fats, oils
Complex lipids include _____________________ and ______________.
phospholipids and steroids
Nutrients that are inorganic compounds existing as long as free ions are called ____________.
minerals
Lactose is a
disaccharide
Inulin is a
polysaccharide
Starch is a
polysaccharide
Galactose is a
monosaccharide
Maltose is a
disaccharide
Fructose is a
monosaccharide
Glucose is a
monosaccharide
Cellulose is a
polysaccharide
Glycogen is a
polysaccharide
Sucrose is a
disaccharide
