Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

plasma membrane

A

thin layer of lipids and proteins that separates the cell in its surroundings

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2
Q

bilayer

A

layer two molecules thick

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3
Q

cholesterol

A

predominant sterol in animal cells membranes

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4
Q

transport proteins

A

form channels that allow selected polar molecules and ions to pass through membrane

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5
Q

recognition proteins

A

identify a cell as part of the individual or foreign

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6
Q

receptor proteins

A

bind cells close together by recognizing and binding receptors or chemical groups on other cells or the ecm

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7
Q

glycolipids

A

lipid molecules with carbohydrate group attached

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8
Q

glycoproteins

A

carbohydrates being attached to protein in exterior facing lipid layer

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9
Q

glycocalyx

A

surface coat on cell membrane made of glycolipids and glycoproteins

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10
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

membrane consists of fluid phospholipid bilayer where proteins are embedded and float freely

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11
Q

integral proteins

A

proteins embedded in phospholipid layer

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12
Q

peripheral protenis

A

held to membrane by noncovalent bonds formed with polar parts of integral proteins or membrane lipids

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13
Q

freeze fracture technique

A

freezing a group of cells and then breaking the frozen piece to see the inside

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14
Q

transport

A

controlled movement of ions and molecules from one side of the membrane to another
passive-high to love
active-low to high

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15
Q

difficusion

A

net movement from high conc to low conc

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16
Q

concentration gradient

A

form of potential energy that drives diffusions

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17
Q

selectively permeable

A

membranes that allow, impede, or block certain molecule and ions from crossing the membrane

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18
Q

simple diffusion

A

depends solely on molecular size and lipid solubility

19
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

when proteins help polar and charged molecule cross membrane

20
Q

channel proteins

A

form hydrphobic channels in membrane that allow water and ions to pass

21
Q

aquaporins

A

allow water to pass through membrane

22
Q

gated channels

A

can switch between open, closed or intermediates

23
Q

carrier proteins

A

bind to a specific solute and transport it across membrane

24
Q

osmosis

A

passive transport of water

25
Q

osmotic pressure

A

pressure created by the weight of the water of the raised solution balancing the tendency of the water molecules moving in

26
Q

hypotonic

A

concentration of cell is higher than surroundings

27
Q

turgor pressure

A

pressure pushes cells tightly against their walls to support soft tissue against gravity

28
Q

hypertonic

A

concentration inside cell is lower than surroundings

29
Q

plasmolysis

A

plant cells shrink and retract cell walls

30
Q

isotonic

A

concentration inside and outside cell is equal

31
Q

membrane potential

A

active transport of ions may result in a voltage being generated across membrane

32
Q

primary active transport

A

protein that transports substance hydrolyzes atp to power itself

33
Q

secondary active transport

A

indirectly driven by atp hydrolysis

34
Q

h+ pump

A

moves hydrogen atoms across membrane temporarily binding to phosphate group removed from atp during cycle

35
Q

ca2+ pump

A

pushes calcium from cytoplasm to cell exterior and from cytosol to vesicles in er

36
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

pumps out 3 sodiums and brings in 2 pottasiums created a potential

37
Q

electrochemical gradient

A

electrical difference on two sides of membranes

38
Q

symport co transport

A

solute moves through membrane channel in same direction as driving ion

39
Q

antiport exchange diffusion

A

driving ion moves through membrane in one direction and another molecule moves in the other

40
Q

bulk phase endocytosis

A

cell takes in small drop of outside fluid and any molecules with it

41
Q

coated pit

A

depression in plasma membrane where receptor proteins go once bound to molecules

42
Q

clathrin

A

network of proteins that coat and reinforce cytoplasmic side

43
Q

phagocytosis

A

processes of a cell eating a molecule; engulf material and produce large endocytic vesicles