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Biology and Biotechnology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

metabolism

A

biomedical modification and use of organic molecules and energy to support activities of life

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2
Q

kinetic energy

A

energy of motion

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3
Q

potential energy

A

energy an object has because of its location or chemical structure

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4
Q

1st law of thermo

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed

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5
Q

2nd law of thermo

A

enthropy is always increasing

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6
Q

spontaneous reactions

A

reactions that occur without putting in energy

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7
Q

enthalpy

A

potential energy in a system

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8
Q

exothermic

A

reaction that releases energy

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9
Q

endothermic

A

reaction that absorbs heat

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10
Q

free energy

A

portion of energy that is available to do work

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11
Q

exergonic reaction

A

releases free energy

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12
Q

endergonic reaction

A

requires free energy to work

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13
Q

catabolic pathway

A

energy is released by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones

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14
Q

anabolic pathway

A

energy is used to create complicated molecules from smaller ones

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15
Q

energy coupling

A

process where atp is hydrolyzed, the terminal phosphate group is transferred to the reactant molecule

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16
Q

phosphorylation

A

addition of a phosphate group to a molecule

17
Q

atp/adp cycle

A

continual hydrolysis and resynthesis of atp

18
Q

activation energy

A

energy required to start a reaction

19
Q

catalysis

A

chemical agent that accelerates the rate of a reaction

20
Q

enzymes

A

most common biological catalysts

21
Q

substrate

A

reactant that the enzyme acts on

22
Q

enzyme specificity

A

an enzyme that can only work on a specific molecule

23
Q

active site

A

small region where enzyme interacts with substrate

24
Q

cofactor

A

nonprotein group that binds precisely to the enzyme for catalytic activity

25
Q

coenzymes

A

other cofactors often derived from enzymes

26
Q

saturated

A

when enzymes are cycling as fast as possible

27
Q

competitive inhibition

A

inhibitor binds to an active site

28
Q

noncompetitive inhibition

A

inhibitor binds to enzyme somewhere other than the active site

29
Q

allosteric regulation

A

enzyme activity controlled by reversible binding of a regulary molecule to an allosteric site

30
Q

allosteric site

A

location outside the active site

31
Q

allosteric activator

A

increases enzyme activity

32
Q

allosteric inhibitior

A

decreases enzyme activity

33
Q

feedback inhibition

A

when products of reaction act as regulators

34
Q

ribozymes

A

rna based catalysts

Biology and Biotechnology (8 decks)

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