Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

A process of evolutionary change in which traits that confer survival or reproductive advantages tend to increase in frequency in a population over time.

A

adaptive evolution

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2
Q

An event in which a group of organisms gives rise to many new species that expand into new habitats or new ecological roles in a relatively short time.

A

adaptive radiation

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3
Q

One of two or more forms of a gene that result in the production of different versions of the protein that the gene encodes.

A

allele

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4
Q

A pattern of gradual change in a characteristic of an organism over a geographic region.

A

cline

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5
Q

Selection that favors individuals with one extreme of a heritable phenotypic trait.

A

directional selection

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6
Q

Selection that favors individuals with a phenotype at either extreme over those with an intermediate phenotype.

A

disruptive selection

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7
Q

(1) Change in allele frequencies in a population over time. (2) Descent with modification; the process by which organisms gradually accumulate differences from their ancestors.

A

evolution

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8
Q

A branching diagram that represents the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.

A

evolutionary tree

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9
Q

(1) The uptake of the gaseous form of a compound, including CO2 in photosynthesis and N2 in nitrogen fixation, by organisms for use in metabolic functions. (2) With respect to the genetic composition of a population, an allele frequency of 100%.

A

fixation

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10
Q

The transfer of alleles from one population to another via the movement of individuals or gametes.

A

gene flow

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11
Q

A process in which chance events determine which alleles are passed from one generation to the next, thereby causing allele frequencies to fluctuate randomly over time; the effects are most pronounced in small populations.

A

genetic drift

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12
Q

The genetic makeup of an individual.

A

genotype

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13
Q

An event in which a large proportion of Earth’s species are driven to extinction worldwide in a relatively short time.

A

mass extinction

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14
Q

Change in the DNA of a gene.

A

mutation

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15
Q

The process by which individuals with certain heritable characteristics tend to survive and reproduce more successfully than other individuals because of those characteristics.

A

natural selection

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16
Q

The observable characteristics of an organism.

A

phenotype

17
Q

Rearrangements of genetic material during sexual reproduction that result in the production of offspring that have combinations of alleles that differ from those in either of their parents.

A

recombination

18
Q

The process by which one species splits into two or more species.

A

speciation

19
Q

Selection that favors individuals with an intermediate phenotype.

A

stabilizing selection

20
Q

An organism’s allocation of its limited energy or other resources to one structure or function at the expense of another.

A

trade-off