Chapter 12

Question 1

A mechanism of competition in which individuals of one species release chemicals that harm individuals of other species.

Answer 1

allelopathy

Question 2

An interaction between two species in which individuals of one species are harmed while individuals of the other species do not benefit and are not harmed (a –/0 relationship).

Answer 2

amensalism

Question 3

A process in which competition causes the phenotypes of competing species to evolve to become more different over time, thereby causing the species to become more different where they live together than where they live apart.

Answer 3

character displacement

Question 4

An interaction between two species in which individuals of each species are harmed by their shared use of a resource that limits their ability to grow, survive, or reproduce (a –/– relationship).

Answer 4

competition

Question 5

A constant used in the Lotka–Volterra competition model to describe the extent to which an individual of one competing species decreases the per capita growth rate of the other species.

Answer 5

competition coefficient

Question 6

The principle that two species that use a limiting resource in the same way cannot coexist indefinitely.

Answer 6

competitive exclusion principle

Question 7

An interaction in which species compete indirectly through their mutual effects on the availability of a shared resource.

Answer 7

exploitation competition

Question 8

A species that can persist in an area only if disturbances occur regularly, and must therefore disperse from one place to another as environmental conditions change.

Answer 8

fugitive species

Question 9

An interaction in which species compete directly by performing antagonistic actions that interfere with the ability of their competitors to use a resource that both require, such as food or space.

Answer 9

interference competition

Question 10

A modified form of the logistic equation used to model competition.

Answer 10

Lotka-Volterra competion model

Question 11

The use of limiting resources by different species in a community in different ways.

Answer 11

resource partitioning

Question 12

A feature of the environment that is required for growth, survival, or reproduction and which can be consumed or otherwise used to the point of depletion.

Answer 12

resource

Question 13

Lines derived from the Lotka–Volterra competition model marking the conditions under which a population does not increase or decrease in size.

Answer 13

zero population growth isoclines