Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

An organism that converts energy from sunlight or from inorganic chemical compounds in the environment into chemical energy stored in the carbon–carbon bonds of organic compounds.

A

Autotroph

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2
Q

A biochemical pathway involving the uptake of CO2 by the enzyme ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) and synthesis of sugars by the Calvin cycle.

A

C3 photosynthetic pathway

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3
Q

A biochemical pathway involving the daytime uptake of CO2 by the enzyme phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPcase) in mesophyll cells; the carbon is then transferred as a four-carbon acid to the bundle sheath cells, where CO2 is released to the Calvin cycle for sugar synthesis.

A

C4 photosynthetic pathway

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4
Q

The biochemical pathway used by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic organisms to fix carbon and synthesize sugars.

A

Calvin Cycle

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5
Q

The use of energy from inorganic chemical compounds to fix CO2 and produce carbohydrates using the Calvin cycle; also called chemolithotrophy.

A

chemosynthesis

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6
Q

A photosynthetic pathway in which CO2 is fixed and stored as an organic acid at night, then released to the Calvin cycle during the day.

A

crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)

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7
Q

Freshly dead or partially decomposed remains of organisms.

A

Detritus

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8
Q

(1) The uptake of the gaseous form of a compound, including CO2 in photosynthesis and N2 in nitrogen fixation, by organisms for use in metabolic functions. (2) With respect to the genetic composition of a population, an allele frequency of 100%.

A

Fixation

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9
Q

An organism that obtains energy by consuming energy-rich organic compounds made by other organisms.

A

Heterotroph

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10
Q

A chemical reaction in photosynthetic organisms in which the enzyme rubisco takes up O2, leading to the breakdown of sugars, the release of CO2, and a net loss of energy.

A

Photorespiration

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11
Q

A process that uses sunlight to provide the energy needed to take up CO2 and synthesize sugars.

A

Photosynthesis

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