Chapter 6 Flashcards
Know the characteristics of mitotic AND meiotic prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase and know what is different from meiosis I and II.
see http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/8/animation/fs.html
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What symbols do you put into Punnet squares and what do they represent?
You put upper case or lower case letters that represent a specific gene. The upper case letters represent dominant traits and the lower case letters represent the recessive trait.
- What is the difference between a chromosome and a chromatid?
A chromosome houses the DNA-containing bodies found in cells (double stranded pair). A chromatid (single strand) is the sister and exact replica of a chromosome that is created when the cell undergoes mitosis or meiosis. Chromosomes make the organism and give them their characteristics, chromatids enable these cells to replicate.
- At what stage of meiosis do chromatids separate?
Anaphase II
- Explain why it is easier to establish genetically uniform (“pure bred”) colonies of plants or animals with homozygous recessive traits.
if you cross two pairs of homozygous recessive traits your offspring would yield only homozygous recessive traits with no dominant genes present.
- What are alleles? What is dominant and recessive?
One variant of a particular gene; for example there are blue and brown ones of the eye-color gene.
Be able to recognize cells in the process of mitosis. You can best study this by once again doing the questions on the mitosis web site from lab, found here:
Animal and Plant Mitosis
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- Where do the 2 members of an “homologous pair” of chromosomes come from?
They have corresponding DNA sequences and come from separate parents; one homologous comes from the mother and the other comes from the father.
- What does it mean to be “diploid?”
A cell that contains chromosomes in homologous pairs. A human cells has this.
- What are the names of the 3 phases of interphase and what is happening?
Gap 1 (G1): During G1, the cell begins to grow. Many enzymes are made that are needed for DNA synthesis. During this phase, each chromosome exists as a single, unpaired chromatid. Cells that are not currently dividing are most likely to pause the cell cycle during the G1 phase.
Synthesis (S): The S phase is when DNA synthesis takes place. At the end of S phase, each chromosome has two sister chromatids
Gap 2 (G2):Cells continue to grow and make proteins. Importantly, microtubules are synthesized during this phase, which are necessary for mitosis.
What does “genotype” mean?
The genetic constitution of an organism or of a single pair of alleles of that organism. Indicates the alleles that are present on the homologous chromosomes.
What does “phenotype” mean?
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