Chapter 1

Question 1

What is the smallest unit of life?

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

To which kingdom do single celled organisms with considerable internal complexity belong?

Answer 2

Prokaryote

Question 3

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 3

Nucleus- Present vs Absent
# of chromosomes- More than one vs One–but not true chromosome: Plasmids
Cell Type- Usually multicellular vs Usually unicellular (some cyanobacteria may be multicellular)
True Membrane bound Nucleus- Present vs Absent
Example- Animals and Plants vs Bacteria and Archaea
Microtubules- Present vs Absent or rare
Endoplasmic reticulum- Present vs Absent
Mitochondria- Present vs Absent
Cytoskeleton- Present vs May be absent
Golgi apparatus- Present vs Absent
Chloroplasts- Present (in plants) vs Absent; chlorophyll scattered in the cytoplasm

Question 4

4 steps of the scientific method

Answer 4

1. Observe
2. Hypothesize
3. Test
4. Interpret

Question 5

Formulate a hypothesis for determining the beneficial effect of a nutritional substance.

Answer 5

People who take vitamins daily will have a more balanced diet than those who don’t.

Question 6

Define dependent and independent variable.

Answer 6

Dependent variable is output or effect. Independent variable is input, stands alone, not changed. Independent variable causes a change in the dependent variable.

Question 7

List three criteria for judging the reliability of a scientific report

Answer 7

• logical
• imperical
• observational

Question 8

List the four major groups of macromolecules and their basic structural units.

Answer 8

• Carbohydrates (monomers called monosaccharides)
• Lipids (Fats, not polymers, glycerol and fatty acids)
• Proteins (polymers composed of amino acid monomers)
• Nucleic Acids (polymers built form monomers called nucleotides. DNA and RNA)

Question 9

What is the principal function of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

They provide the major energy source for living things.

Question 10

Name three cellular structures.

Answer 10

• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria

Question 11

List the five kingdoms of life.

Answer 11

• Domain Bacteria (Formerly Kingdom Monera)
• Domain Eukarya (Kingdom Protista)
• Kingdom Fungi
• Kingdom Plantae
• Kingdom Animalae

Question 12

What effect does boiling temperatures have on the rate of enzymatic reactions?

Answer 12

it denatures the enzyme making it the wrong shape disabling it to do its job which is speeding reactions

Question 13

How many calories in an ounce of butter (assuming 30 grams/oz)?

Answer 13

200 calories per oz

Question 14

iodine- light orange

Answer 14

?

Question 15

biuret- light blue

Answer 15

?

Question 16

benedicts- orange and cloudy

Answer 16

?

Question 17

What two things could you measure to determine the rate of an enzymatic reaction?

Answer 17

Rate of appearance and rate of disappearance

Question 18

What effect does the addition of antacid have on the pH of vinegar?

Answer 18

makes the vinegar less acidic

Question 19

How does an acid pH affect the reaction rate of amylase?

Answer 19

There is often an optimal neutral pH which speeds up a reaction. The more acidic or basic a pH level is may cause the enzyme to loose activity

Question 20

Is amylase a protein?

Answer 20

Yes because all enzymes are proteins but not all proteins are enzymes