Chapter 11 Flashcards
What did the various Salvia species smell like
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Which one smelled the stinkiest?
Salvia ugilinosa
Which one smelled like Pineapple?
Pineapple sage (S. elegans)
Which one smelled like cooking sage?
Salvia cleavlandii
What were the similarities between the chicken, cat, and coyote skulls? Which of those similarities were homologous? Which were analagous?
the skulls contain bones that are fused to form a protective brain case, bones that allow the skull to join to the top of the vertebral column (the spine), bones that frame the eyes, and bones that form the mouth.
Homologous- The orbits (the circles of bone that form the eye sockets) the brain case, and the hard pallet of the upper jaw.
Anaologous- Some would say the chicken beak is analogous to the upper and lower jaws of the coyote and cat, since the beak is formed of different material (horny material rather than bone per se). Others would say that since this material is formed by the same bones as those in the cat and coyote that it is a modification of those bones. Analogous structures are harder to identify in more closely-related species.
What were the biggest differences in the 3 skulls?
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What were the similarities about the verterbrae? (deer, elk, cat, chicken)
The long middle projections on the vertebrae of deer and elk are for neck muscles to attach. Since deer and elk walk with their bodies parallel to the ground they must use strong muscles at all times to hold up their heads. This is also somewhat true for cats and they have some of the same projections on their vertebrae between their shoulders. Chickens and humans walk on their hind legs with the head balanced on top of the neck vertebrae so they don’t need long bone spines to act as attachments for large supporting muscles.
What were the characteristics of the spiralling on the mollusc shells? Was the spiralling the same among them in any way?
All of our mollusc specimens spiral in the same direction. This tendency to spiral either left or right is species-specific.
What causes the colors on the beetles and the feathers?
The belly of the fig beetle is shiny (bright and metallic) while the back is fuzzy or velvety. Both have a greenish sheen. The basic color of the belly is a pinkish brown that is hard to see with all the reflected green color. The metallic green color is created by light bouncing off after being bent by microscopic grooves on the beetle’s surface. The difference between the belly and back is caused by the tiny little hairs on the back of the beetle.
What were the common characteristics that the 4 or 5 native and non-native plants (Salvia greggii, California Fuschia, Channel Island snapdragon, Kangaroo paw, Cape honeysuckle) shared? Which of those would attract hummingbirds?
The flowers of Galvesia, Zauchneria, Cape Honeysuckle, and the other non-natives shown are all tubular, mostly red or orange. These kinds of flowers attract hummingbirds in the New World and sunbirds in Africa, southern Europe, and Australia.
What were the differences between the monocots and dicots you observed?
Dicots have their leaf veins arranged in branching networks. Often their leaves are very broad. (Like Maple leaves). Monocots have their veins in parallel rows. Because of this their leaves are often long and narrow. (Like grass)
Were the scales of the snake skin attached to each other or loose? How did they look?
Snake skin is more like human skin in that it is attached. The scaly appearance is created by overlapping areas. Snakes eyes are covered by skin that is shed along with the rest of their body “scales” in a single piece. This means that the eyes of a snake can’t move very far so it needs to turn it’s head to focus both eyes on something
What did the echinoderms look like? How many equal halves could they be divided into?
Echinoderms can be divided into equal halves 5 different ways, depending on where the dividing line is drawn. They look like star fish
What happened to the tree tobacco when you removed it from water and left it for a couple hours? Why?
It dries up and shrivels because the plant is lacking hydrostatic pressure, which keeps it taught and lively.
Which group had more diversity, the Salvias, the molluscs, or the legumes?
The salvias
