Chapter 12 Flashcards
What are”sticky ends” and what purpose do they serve?
Sticky ends are DNA overhangs and their function in recombinant DNA is to bind with other DNA complementary sequences.
What is the purpose of the ampicillin antibiotic in some of the agar plates?
Ampicillin is an antibiotic and will kill bacteria. We would not expect to see growth on the agar plates
treated with ampicillin, since ampicillin would kill bacteria. However, the transformed E. coli contains an antibiotic resistance gene. Therefore, we will see growth on both the No Amp plate treated with control E. coli as well as the Amp plate treated with transformed E. coli.
How do you read the genetic code chart in figure 13-3 and what do the letters represent?
Start from the inside and move out
What must happen in the nucleus before protein synthesis can occur?
Before the synthesis of a protein can begin, the corresponding RNA molecule is (must be) produced by RNA transcription.
Where in the cell does the actual synthesis of proteins occur?
Ribosomes and rough ER
What is the “central dogma” of biology?
The central dogma of molecular biology defines how DNA codes for life as we know it. It states that biological information flows in only one direction, from DNA to RNA to proteins.
Why did you need to use one restriction enzyme instead of the other to do your “cuts” in the paper simulation of genetic engineering?
One enzyme coded for a specific sequence that didn’t include the code for insulin (EcoRI), thus keeping the human gene you wished to transfer (insulin) and the antibiotic resistance gene on the plasmid.
What bad result might you get if you allowed the innoculating loop, or a pipet tip, to touch the counter top and then continued working with your bacteria?
It would become contaminated with foreign bacteria and cause unwanted results.
Assuming you did everything correctly, which plates should have live E. coli growing on them? Which one(s) should glow in the dark?.
The control plate with no ampicillin should grow. Nothing will happen to the control plate with ampicillin. And the transformation plate with ampicillin will glow and grow.
Where in the cell does protein synthesis take place?
mitochondria.
What does the organelle that synthesizes the protein read?
The genetic code, which is used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein.
What carries the amino acids into the protein-synthesizing organelle?
The tRNA, which binds to the specific mRNA codon, called the anticodon.
What is the term we use to refer to food organisms that have had their genome altered by genetic engineering?
.
List 3 differences between DNA and RNA
- RNA is single stranded while DNA is double stranded.
- RNA substitutes thymine with uracil.
- DNA is composed of deoxyribose sugar, RNA is composed of ribose sugar.
