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Sport Psychology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

how do interventions change behavior

A

they do not directly change behavior, they modify one or more physical determinants

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2
Q

types of interventions

A

informational, behavioral, social, environmental & policy

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3
Q

informational approaches

A

change knowledge and attitudes about the benefits of and opportunities for physical activity

provides people info they need to motivate themselves to exercise and to change their behavior over the short and long term.

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4
Q

behavioral approaches

A

teach people the behavioral management skills necessary for both successful adoption and maintenance of behavior change

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5
Q

social approaches

A

create social environments that facilitate and enhance behavior change

recognize social influence on exercise habits

may utilize instructor or counselor, can be face to face or involve use of various technological communications

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6
Q

environmental and policy aproaches

A

change the structure of physical and organizational environments to provide safe, attractive, and convenient places for physical activity

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7
Q

motivational interviewing

A

counseling technique that provides people with the opportunity to talk about and resolve their mixed feelings so that they can move forward with change

effective for helping people initiate and maintain an exercise regimen

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8
Q

Empathy

A

ability to identify with another person and understand his or her feelings.

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9
Q

development of discrepancy

A

develop an awareness of a discrepancy between their current behavior and their broader goals and values

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10
Q

rolling with resistance

A

no opposing or arguing from the counselor

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11
Q

change talk

A

statements regarding one’s desires, abilities, and reasons for change

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12
Q

supporting self-efficacy

A

confidence in abilities to overcome barriers and successfully implement exercise

believing they can change

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13
Q

once the client is ready to change the counselor must

A

provide information on how to change

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14
Q

3 types of informational approaches

A

mass media campaigns

community-wide campaigns

point-of-decision prompts

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15
Q

mass media campaigns

A

uses medium other than personal contact
reaching large masses

people may not remember the information

may fail to reach target audience

can be expensive

people may quickly lose interest

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16
Q

community-wide campaigns

A

interventions that engage different community members and organizations in the development and delivery of information aimed at increasing physical activity

health risk/ fitness - appraisals,
training health care professionals,
health and wellness fairs

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17
Q

health risk appraisals

A

provide opportunities within the community for people to be screened, without cost, for diseases.

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18
Q

effectiveness of community wide interventions

A

% of people in a community who are active

energy expenditure

amount of time people spend being physically active

but they need careful planning, well trained staff, resources, and a community that buys into it

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19
Q

point-of-decison prompts

A

motivational cues delivered at points where people must choose between physically active and inactive options

ex. apps, text messages, tv programs etc

no actual correlation to increase physical activity

20
Q

ways to maximize effectiveness of informational interventions

A

tailor message to specific population -“cultural tailoring’

emphasize the benefits and not the risks “gain-framed’

provide simple and detailed how-to information for starting an activity program

21
Q

behavioral skills that will help initiate and maintain an activity program

A

recognize cues and oppurtunities for physical activity

developing strategies to maintain activity levels

learning to recognize and manage situations that can sabotage activity plans

developing strategies to prevent relapse to a sedentary lifestyle

goal setting, acton plans, implementation intentions, self-monitoring

22
Q

goal setting

A

process that involves assessing one’s current level of fitness or performance

specific, measurable, realistic, challenging,

23
Q

action plans

A

help them follow through with their intentions

concrete - specify when, where, and how

24
Q

implentation intentions

A

developing a strong mental association between a situational cue and a specific behavior

25
Q

self-monitoring

A

paying attention to one’s own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and gauging these against a standard

may self monitor: frequency, type, duration, and intensity of exercise

26
Q

rating of perceived exertion scale

A

RPE - ranges from 6-20

27
Q

activities log

A

invaluable source of self-efficacy

help and individual identify and overcome exercise barriers

positive reinforcement

28
Q

self reinforcement

A

granting themselves personally meaningful rewards for progressing toward and achieving their goals

29
Q

relapse

A

term used when an individual fails to resume regular exercise

triggered by high risk situations

30
Q

person can react and take 2 pathways following high risk situtaions

A

Positive coping pathway

Negative coping pathway

31
Q

positive coping pathway

A

increased self-efficacy –> decreased probability of relapse

32
Q

negative coping pathway

A

decreased self efficacy –> initial exercise lapse –> abstinence violation effect –>negative emotional response and self-attribution –>increased probability of relapse

guilt-shame-self attributions for failure

33
Q

cognitive coping strategies

A

involve the use of non-observable thought processes, such as self-talk and visualization, to overcome disruptive thoughts and feelings

34
Q

self-talk

A

statements that we make to ourselves which can be used to increase confidence, regulate arousal, and focus effort in order to over come high-risk situations

35
Q

visualization

A

mental imagery

seeing, feeling, an experience in one’s mind

36
Q

behavioral coping strategies

A

involve developing and implementing overt plans to manage high-risk situations

37
Q

cognitive restructuring

A

involves changing how one thinks about a lapse.

38
Q

most effective way to increase activity

A

behavioral interventions

but hard to implement when they are huge numbers of inactive people

39
Q

types of social interventions

A

face-to-face
exercise groups
buddy systems
group support systems (e-mail or telephone network)

*success is contingent upon the idea that the group members get along

40
Q

types of environmental and policy interventions

A

creating transportation policies, urban design and land use regulations, modifying policies and curricula for school based physical education, increases access to facilities

41
Q

physical activity interventions in the real world

A

‘people who volunteer for research may have greater motivation than gen pop’

research staff may be better at delivery than gen pop

you can’t pay people to exercise in the real world

42
Q

RE-AIM

A 
framework to guide the evaluation of physical activity
REACH
EFFEFCTIVENESS
ADOPTION
IMPLEMENTATION 
MAINTENANCE
43
Q

REACH

A

refers to the percentage of people from a a given population who participate in the intervention and the characteristics of these people

44
Q

effectiveness

A

refers to the positive and negative consequences that people experience as a result of receiving the intervention

45
Q

ADOPTION

A

refers to the proportion and representativeness of settings that adopt a particular intervention

46
Q

implementation

A

refers to how well the intervention is delivered in the real world

47
Q

maintenance

A

refers to the extent to which the intervention is sustained over time

Sport Psychology (13 decks)

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