Chapter 5

Question 1

Social support

Answer 1

perceived comfort, caring, assistance, and information that a person receives from others

1. ) measure size of one’s social network
2. ) measure amount and type of support received

Question 2

5 main types of support

Answer 2

instrumental
emotional
informational
companionship
validation

Question 3

instrumental support

Answer 3

providing tangible, practical assistance that will help a person achieve exercise goals

better in beginning of a program

Question 4

emotional support

Answer 4

occurs through the expression of encouragement, caring, empathy, and concern toward a person

more strongly related to adherence toward the end of the program than at the beginning

Question 5

informational support

Answer 5

includes giving directions, advice, or suggestions about how to exercise and providing feedback regarding the exerciser’s progress

Question 6

companionship support

Answer 6

reflects the availability of people with whom one can exercise, such as a friend

Question 7

Validation suport

Answer 7

involves comparing oneself with others in order to gauge progress and to confirm that one’s thoughts, feelings, problems, and experiences are ‘normal’

Question 8

meta-analysis

Answer 8

quantitative review of the literature pertaining to a specific topic

Question 9

4 categories of people who can affect thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Answer 9

family, important others, fitness instructors, other professionals

Question 10

effect size

Answer 10

magnitude of the effect

Question 11

the family as a form of social support

Answer 11

positive effects of a supportive spouse or partner on exercise have been consistently demonstrated
patients who exercise with spouse do better
family or spouse exercise partners have similar exercise habits where as different levels does not associate with increased social support

mothers give instrumental support, fathers give validation

family can also make one feel guilty or pressured

Question 12

behavioral reactance

Answer 12

people respond in a direction opposite to the direction being advocated

Question 13

professionals

Answer 13

health care providers are a strong source of informational support. more likely to take advice from someone who exercises regularly

exercise leaders can provide multiple types of support

Question 14

Transformational leadership

Answer 14

cultivates positive changes in the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of those who are being led

Question 15

4 related behaviors of transformational leadership

Answer 15

idealized influence -
inspirational motivation
intellectual stimulation
individualized consideration

Question 16

idealized influence

Answer 16

engendering the trust and respect to others and action gas a role model

Question 17

inspirational motivation

Answer 17

showing enthusiasm and optimism about what others can accomplish and articulating a compelling vision of the future

Question 18

intellectual stimulation

Answer 18

engaging the rationality of others and causing them to look at old problems in new ways

Question 19

Individualized consideration

Answer 19

demonstrating care and concern for others physical psychological needs

Question 20

group cohesion

Answer 20

dynamic process reflected in the tendency of a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member affective needs

drawn to common goal

foster greater adherence

Question 21

how develop cohesion

Answer 21

develop distinctiveness among group members

assign group roles and/or positions

establish group norms

provide opportunities to make sacrifices for the group

provide opportunities for interaction

Question 22

as group size increases

Answer 22

group cohesion decreases