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Sport Psychology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

B.F. Skinner’s theory

A

stimulus response theory

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2
Q

stimulus response theory

A

explanation of how people learn new behaviors

based on classical conditioning and instrumental conditioning

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3
Q

classical conditioning

A

principles that state that a reflexive behavior can be elicited through repeated pairings of the behavior with an antecedent cue (precedes the behavior)

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4
Q

Instrumental conditioning

A

voluntary behavior can be learned by pairing the behavior with consequent reinforcement (reward that follows a behavior)

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5
Q

consequences according to Skinner

A

consequences have a greater impact on behavior than do antecedents

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6
Q

4 types of events that can follow according to SRT

A

positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction

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7
Q

positive reinforcement

A

adding something positive

positive reinforcer, intrinsic reinforcer, extrinsic reinforcers

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8
Q

negative reinforcement

A

taking away something negative

most effective when delivered immediately and frequently after the event

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9
Q

punishment

A

adding something negative

used to decrease probability that a behavior will occur again

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10
Q

extinction

A

taking away reinforcement (rewards, reductions in pain)

decreasing probability of that behavior occurring again

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11
Q

limitation of SRT

A

does not consider the important role of cognition
expectations of getting a certain outcome
perceived control over attaining that outcome
perceived value of the outcome
fails to provide info that can be used to develop interventions to change
limited in predicting future exercise behavior and developing exercise interventions

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12
Q

TTM - Transtheoretical Model

A

integrates elements across a variety of theirs and models of behavior

behavior change is a gradual process whereby the individual progresses through a series of stages

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13
Q

stages of TTM

A

precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance

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14
Q

pre-contemplation

A

people have no intention to start exercising in future (next 6 months or so)
considering the cons greater than pros
defensive
need intervention

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15
Q

contemplation

A

have intentions to start exercising within the next 6 months
equally aware of pros and cons
ambivalent feelings, still need intervention

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16
Q

preparation

A

intend to start exercising in the immediate future (the next month.
pros greater than cons
performing tasks to prepare for exercise
making small changes

17
Q

Action

A

people are exercising at recommended levels of health and fitness
unstable stage - avoid falling back into old habits

18
Q

Maintenance

A

is achieved when people have been exercising at recommended levels for 6 months
less likely to relapse

19
Q

how do people move through stages of TTM?

A

experiential processes: directed toward increasing people’s awareness of and changing their thoughts and feelings about themselves and their exercise behavior
or
behavioral processes: consists of behaviors that a person undertakes in order to change aspects of the environment that may affect exercise participation

20
Q

experiential processes

A 
consciousness raising
self-reevaluation
environemntal reevaluation
dramatic relief
social liberation
21
Q

Behavioral processes

A 
self-liberation
counterconditioning
stimulus control
reinforcement management
helping relationships
22
Q

consciousness raising

A

seeking new info and a better understanding of exercise

experiential processes

23
Q

self-reevaluation

A

assessing how one thinks and feels about oneself as an inactive person

experiential processes

24
Q

environmental re-evaulation

A

considering how inactivity affects the physical and social environment

experiential processes

25
Q

dramatic relief

A

experiencing and expressing feelings about becoming more active or remaining inactive through exercise

experiential processes

26
Q

social liberation

A

increasing awareness of the social and environmental factors that support physical activity

experiential processes

27
Q

self-liberation

A

engaging in activities that strengthen one’s commitment to change and the belief that one can change

behavioral processes

28
Q

counter-conditioning

A

substituting physical activities for sedentary activities

behavioral processes

29
Q

stimulus control

A

controlling situations and cues that trigger inactivity and skipped workouts

behavioral processes

30
Q

reinforcement management

A

rewarding oneself for being active

behavioral processes

31
Q

helping relationships

A

using support from others during attempts to change

behavioral processes

32
Q

how can you tell someone is moving through TTM stages

A

shift in decisional balance (perceiving pros and cons)

increased self-efficacy

33
Q

Social Ecological Models

A

take the approach that the individual-level factors are only one of multiple levels of influence on behavior
-individual bears responsibility for engaging in health behavior

34
Q

Social ecological ecosystems

A

microsystem
- immediate people you interact with

mesosystems
-interaction between microsystems

exosystems
-external systems that influence microsystems

macrosystems
-larger sociocultural context

35
Q

Built environment

A

human made settings in which people live, work, and play

36
Q

policy environment

A

rules, regulations, and practices that can impact physical activity through a variety of mechanisms

Sport Psychology (13 decks)

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