Chapter 6 Flashcards
Language believed to be the ancestral language not only a Proto Indo-European, but also of the kartvelin languages of the southern Caucasus region, the Uralic Altaic languages the Dravidian languages and the Afro asiatic language family
Nostratic
A common language used among speakers of different languages for the purpose of trade and commerce
Lingua franca
Local or regional characteristics of a language. In addition to pronunciation variation, has distinctive vocabulary and grammar
Dialects
Place name
Toponym
Slight change in a word across languages within a sub family or three language family from the present backwards towards its origin
Sound shift
The collapsing of two languages into one resulting from the consistent spatial interaction of peoples with different languages
Language convergence
In multilingual country till language selected, often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion
Standard language
Proposal that three areas in and near the first agricultural her, the for tile Crescent, gave rise to three language families: Europe’s Indo European languages; north Africa and Arabian languages; the languages in present-day Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India
Renfrew hypothesis
A language that began as a pigeon language but was later adopted as the mother tongue by people in place of the mother tongue
Creole language
Group of language with a shared by fairly distant origin
Language family
The tracking of sound shift and hardening of consonants backward toward the original language
Backwards reconstruction
Proposition that holds that the Indo European languages the road from the proto-Indo-European languages were first carried eastward into Southwest Asia, next around the Caspian Sea, and then across the Russian – Ukrainian planes and onto the Balkans
Dispersal hypothesis
The ability of two people to understand each other when speaking
Mutual intelligibility
A geographic boundary with in which a particular feature occurs
Isogloss
Countries in which more than one language is spoken
Multilingual states
The spatial trajectory through which cultural traits or other phenomena spread
Defusion routes
The process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress and speech, when they come in contact with another society or culture
Assimilate
The effects of distance on interaction, generally the greater the distance a less interaction
Distance decay
Refers to the social in physiological effects of living in a world in which time – space convergence has rapidly Rishi high level of intensity
Time space compression
The sum total of knowledge, attitudes, and the habitats will behavior patterns shared and transmitted by the members of a society
Culture
The area where an idea or cultural trait originates
Hearth
The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point that they become global and scale and impact
Globalization
The beliefs practices ascetics and values of a group of people
Non-material culture
The process through which something is given monetary value; occurs when a good or an idea of the previously was not regarded as an object to be bought and sold is turn into something that has particular price
Commodification
The seeking out of the regional culture and reinvigoration of it in response to the uncertainty of the modern world
Neolocalism
The notion that what happens at a global scale has a direct effect on what happens at the local scale, and vice versa
Global – local continuum
Cultural traits such as dress modes, dwellings, traditions, and institutions of usually small, traditional communities
Folk culture
The process by which cultures a drop customs and knowledge from other cultures and use them for their own benefit
Cultural appropriation
The visible imprint of the human activity and culture on the landscape
Cultural landscape
Cultural traits such as dress, diet, and music that identify and are part of today’s changeable, Irvine – based, media – influence western societies
Popular culture
A vector disease affecting the most Africans
Malaria
Racial policies practice in south Africa before 1994
Apartheid
Cultural and religious group centered in Utah today
Mormons
A non-vector is on the rise in Africa
Aids
