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Chapter 6 Flashcards

0
Q

Three types of skeletal cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage
Elastic cartilage
Fibrocartilage

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1
Q

Skeletal cartilage

A

Contains no blood vessels and nerves, surrounded by dense irregular connective tissue

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2
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Nose, collagen fibers

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3
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Ear, elastic fibers

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4
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Meniscus, thick collagen fibers

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5
Q

Cartilage growth outside

A

Appositional

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6
Q

Cartilage growth from within

A

Interstitial growth

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7
Q

Three parts of axial skeleton

A

Skull
Vertebral column
Thoracic cage

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8
Q

Four parts of appendicular skeleton

A

Upper limbs
Lower limbs
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle

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9
Q

Long bones

A

Longer than wide, bones of limbs

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10
Q

Short bone

A

Cube shaped bones in wrist and ankle

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11
Q

Flat bones

A

Thin, flat, slightly curved: ribs, most bones

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12
Q

Irregular bones

A

Complicated shapes

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13
Q

Functions of bones

A 
Support
Protect
Movement
Mineral storage
Blood cell formation
Fat storage
Hormone production
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14
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard, outer layer of bone, withstands compression and tensional forces

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15
Q

Spongy bone

A

Internal bones

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16
Q

Trabeculae

A

On spongy bone, line of stress

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17
Q

Red bone marrow tissue

A

Hemopoietic tissue

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18
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Adipose tissue

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19
Q

Bone markings: tuberosity

A

Large rounded projection

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20
Q

Bone markings: crest

A

Narrow ridge of bone

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21
Q

Bone markings: trochanter

A

Very large, blunt, irregular shaped process

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22
Q

Bone markings: line

A

Narrow ridge of bone

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23
Q

Bone markings: tubercle

A

Small rounded projection or process

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24
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Cell that builds the bone

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25
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cell that eats or shrinks bone

26
Q

Bone markings: epicondyle

A

Raised area on or above a condyle

27
Q

Bone markings: spine

A

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

28
Q

Bone markings: process

A

Any bony prominence

29
Q

Projections that help form joints: heAd

A

Bony expansion, carried on a narrow neck

30
Q

Projections that help form joints: facet

A

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

31
Q

Projections that help form joints: condyle

A

Rounded articular projection

32
Q

Projections that help form joints: ramus

A

Arm like bar of bone

33
Q

Depressions and openings: groove

A

Groove, dent

34
Q

Depressions and openings: fissure

A

Narrow, slit like opening

35
Q

Depressions and openings: foramen

A

Round or oval opening through a bone

36
Q

Depressions and openings: notch

A

Indention at the edge of a structure

37
Q

Depressions and openings: meatus

A

Canal-like passageway

38
Q

Depressions and openings: sinus

A

Cavity within a bone

39
Q

Depressions and openings: fossa

A

Shallow, basin like depression in a bone

40
Q

Bone tissue cells

A

Osteogenic
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

41
Q

Osteogenic cell

A

Mitotically active stem cell

42
Q

Osteoblasts cell

A

Bone forming cell

43
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cell, maintains and monotors bone matrix

44
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Giant cells that break down bone

45
Q

Organic components of bones

A

Bone cells and osteoid

46
Q

Inorganic components

A

Hydroxyapatites

47
Q

Hydroxyapatites

A

Mineral salts in bone

48
Q

Ossification

A

Process of bone formation, remodeling, and repair

49
Q

Types of ossification

A

Endochondral ossification

Intramembranous ossification

50
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Forms all bones below skull, replaces hyaline cartilage

51
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Forms from fibrous membranes, forms flat bones

52
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Bone growth in lefty of long bones

53
Q

Appositional growth

A

Bone growth in width of bones, throughout life

54
Q

Growth hormone

A

Hormone that regulates bone growth

55
Q

Thyroid hormone

A

Hormone that regulates bone growth (proportions)

56
Q

Testosterone and estrogen

A

Hormones that regulate bone growth (puberty)

57
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Hormone that increases blood calcium levels

58
Q

Calcitonin

A

Hormone that decreases blood calcium levels

59
Q

Wolffs law

A

Bone grows or remodels in response to demand/stress placed on it

60
Q

Hormonal control determines

A

Whether and when bone remodeling occurs

61
Q

Mechanical stress determines

A

Where bone remodeling occurs

62
Q

4 stages of bone repair

A

Hemotoma forms
Fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus forms
Bony (hard) callus forms
Bone remodeling occurs

A & P (6 decks)

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