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A & P > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Skin consists of two layers

A

Epidermis and dermis

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1
Q

The integumentary system is composed of

A

Skin
Hair
Nails
Glands

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2
Q

The epidermis is composed of what tissue

A

Epithelial tissue

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3
Q

Tissue that makes up dermis

A

Connective tissue

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4
Q

Hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous tissue deep to the skin (not part of skin)

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5
Q

Hypodermis consists mostly of

A

Adipose tissue with blood vessels and nerves

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6
Q

Hypodermic acts as a

A

Shock absorber and insulater

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7
Q

Epidermis

A

Keratinized stratified squarmos epithelium with 4-5 layers

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8
Q

Epidermis 4 cell types

A

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

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9
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Main cell type in epidermis

Produce protein keratin

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10
Q

Melanocytes

A

Produce pigment melanin in epidermis

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11
Q

Langerhans cells

A

Active immune system (digests old and bad stuff) in epidermis

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12
Q

Merkel cell

A

Fine touch receptors in epidermis

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13
Q

Five epidermal layers from deep to superficial

A 
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneun
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14
Q

Startum basale

A

Single row of stem cells that are mitotically active to replace sloughed off cells

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15
Q

Stratum basale sits on…

A

Basement membrane and is attached to dermis

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16
Q

How many days does it take for a cell to reach the surface

A

25-45 days

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17
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Several layers of keratinocytes united by desmosomes

Accumulation of melanin granules

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18
Q

Melanin granules

A

Protects from UV damage

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19
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

Thin 4-6 layers, keratinization begins; makes epidermis water proof, all layers of cells above are dead

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20
Q

Stratum lucidum

A

only in thick skin, few rows of flat dead keratinocytes

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21
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Contains 20-30 rows of dead keratinocytes cells, protects from water loss

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22
Q

Apoptosis

A

Controlled cellular suicide

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23
Q

Dermis

A

Under epidermis, strong, contains blood vessels, nerve fibers

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24
Q

Cells of dermis

A

Fibroblast, macrophages,

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25
Q

Two layers of the dermis

A

Papillary layer and reticular layer

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26
Q

Papillary layer

A

Thin layer of loose connective tissue with collegen and elastic fibers and blood cells, forms dermal papillae

27
Q

Reticular layer

A

80% of dermis, dense irregular connective tissue with elastic and collegen fibers

28
Q

Dermal papillae

A

Contain capillary loops, fine touch receptors, free nerve endings, in thick skin form epidermal ridges

29
Q

3 pigments that contribute to skin color

A

MelNin, carotene, and hemoglobin

30
Q

Blue skin color

A

Low oxygen - cyanosis

31
Q

Red skin color

A

Fever, hypertension, inflammation, allergy - erythrema

32
Q

White skin color

A

Anemia, low bp, fear, anger - pallor

33
Q

Yellow skin color

A

Liver disorder - jaundice

34
Q

Black and blue marks on skin

A

Clotted blood beneath skin - bruises

35
Q

Appendages of the skin

A

Hair, nails, and cutaneous glands

36
Q

Hair

A

Produced by hair follicles and consist of dead keratinized cells

37
Q

Three main regions of the hair

A

Shaft, root, bulb

38
Q

Hair follicle

A

Epidermal tissue sheath that folds down from epidermis into dermiS

39
Q

Hair Papilla

A

Dermal tissue that supplies blood for cell growing in the bulb region

40
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Smooth muscle attached to hair follicle , causes goose bumps

41
Q

Nails

A

Composed of dead keratinized cells

42
Q

Nail matrix

A

Responsible for nail growth

43
Q

2 categories of cutaneous nails

A

Sweat and sebaceous glands

44
Q

4 types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine, apocrine, ceremonious, mammary glands

45
Q

Eccrine sweat glands

A

Most (especially in palms)

46
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A

Ducts open into hair follicle, body odor, begin functioning at puberty

47
Q

Cerumineous sweat gland

A

In ear, secrete cerumen (ear max)

48
Q

Mammary glands

A

In breast tissue, secrete milk

49
Q

Sebaceous (oil) glands

A

Most secrete into hair follicle, secretes sebum (oil)

50
Q

Six principle functions of the integumentary system

A

Protection, body temperature, sensation, metabolic functions, blood reservoir, excretion

51
Q

Three types of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma, squarmos cell carcinoma, melanoma

52
Q

Burns

A

First second and third degree

53
Q

First degree burn

A

Epidermal damage only, redness, swelling, pain

54
Q

Second degree burn

A

Epidermal and upper dermal damaged, blisters

55
Q

Third degree burn

A

Entire thickness of skin, no pain

56
Q

Immediate threats from burns

A

Dehydration, electro light imbalance

57
Q

Rule of nines

A

Estimate the volume of fluid loss in a burn victim

58
Q

Rule of nines: head and neck

A

9%

59
Q

Rule of nines: right upper limb

A

9%

60
Q

Rule of nines: left upper limb

A

9%

61
Q

Rule of nines: anterior trunk

A

18%

62
Q

Rule of nines: Posterior trunk

A

18%

63
Q

Rule of nines: right lower limb

A

18%

64
Q

Rule of nines: left lower limb

A

18%

65
Q

Perineum (pubic area)

A

1%

A & P (6 decks)

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