Chapter 6

Question 1

Thought to be blending – equal parts mother and father

Answer 1

Inheritance

Question 2

each individual has two gene copies at each locus

Answer 2

LoS

Question 3

The F1 purple flowers received and retained parental variation

Answer 3

Law of Segregation

Question 4

Each individual with 2 factors (genes)

Answer 4

Law of Segregation

Question 5

Also established dominant nd recessive traits

Answer 5

Law of Segregation

Question 6

Allele passed down at one locus was independent of that at another
Now – only in unlinked loci

Answer 6

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 7

If flower color and wrinkled vs. smooth seeds are unlinked can select for purple without regard for seed coat

Answer 7

NS

Question 8

would reduce variation

Answer 8

Blending

Question 9

would preserve variation

Answer 9

Particulate

Question 10

If a new, beneficial mutation arises, it would be swamped in the next generation
- this disappears with

Answer 10

particulate inheritance

Question 11

different versions of a gene at a locus

Answer 11

alleles

Question 12

location on a chromosome

Answer 12

locus

Question 13

combination of alleles at a given locus

Answer 13

genotype

Question 14

same 2 copies

Answer 14

homozygotes

Question 15

different copies

Answer 15

heterozygotes

Question 16

heterozygote is intermediate

Answer 16

codominant

Question 17

Control rate of RNA transcription

Answer 17

Regulatory Elements

Question 18

Most change is here

Answer 18

Regulatory Elements

Question 19

Enhancers – increase rates

Silencers – decrease rate

Answer 19

Regulatory Elements

Question 20

Change in base in DNA

Provides raw material for NS

Answer 20

Mutation and Variation

Question 21

no change in amino acid

Answer 21

synonymous or silent mutation

Question 22

purine to purine, pyrimidine to pyrimidine

Answer 22

Transition

Question 23

purine to pyrimidine or vise versa

Answer 23

Transversion

Question 24

causes a change in amino acids

Answer 24

Missense Mutation

Question 25

Stop codon in middle of gene

Answer 25

Nonsense Mutation

Question 26

Genetic dwarfism in cattle, cystic fibrosis (CFTR, rarer than missense or deletions)

Answer 26

Nonsense Mutation

Question 27

Add or take away base pairs

Answer 27

Insertions and Deletions

Question 28

multiple of three

Answer 28

In-frame

Question 29

lose or gain AA, change protein

Answer 29

In-frame

Question 30

changes reading frame

Answer 30

Frameshift

Question 31

new series of AA

Answer 31

Frameshift

Question 32

copy 1 or more genes

Answer 32

Gene duplications

Question 33

whole genome (change in ploidy)

Answer 33

Chromosomal duplications

Question 34

sections lost

Answer 34

Chromosomal deletions

Question 35

(move to another chromosome)

Answer 35

Translocation

Question 36

(flip sections)

Answer 36

Inversions

Question 37

are random and so are there effects

Answer 37

mutations

Question 38

a change in environment does not lead to favorable ones

- they have to have been there

Answer 38

mutations

Question 39

Vary by tissue, species, higher taxon, nucleotide to nucleotide, and along chromosome

Answer 39

mutation rates

Question 40

in mutation rates. microbes ________ with genome size

Answer 40

decreases

Question 41

in mutation eukaryotes _____

Answer 41

increases

Question 42

mother may have effect on offspring based on her condition

Answer 42

Maternal effects -Sources of Variation

Question 43

more rare but possible

Answer 43

Paternal effecrs -Sources of Variation

Question 44

present at birth
Due to genes, maternal effects and environment
Must be able to tease out genetic and other effects

Answer 44

congenital difference- Sources of Variation