Chapter 3

Question 1

variation

Answer 1

individuals in a population differ from one anotherMutation
Recombination
Can be any physical or genetic trait

Question 2

inheritance

Answer 2

some of these differences are inherited by offspring from their parents

Question 3

differential reproductive sucess

Answer 3

individuals with certain traits are more successful than others at surviving and reproducing in their environment

Question 4

one of the major sources generating the variation on which natural selection acts

Answer 4

muatation

Question 5

a trait that serves one purpose today but eveolved under different selection conditions and served a different function in the past

Answer 5

exaptation

Question 6

components of natural selection

Answer 6

Variation
Inheritance
Differential reproductive success

Question 7

selection

Answer 7

On PHENOTYPE not genotype

The same genotype may produce different phenotypes

Question 8

adaptation

Answer 8

A characteristic that evolved to serve the same primary function or functions that make it beneficial today
Monkeys grasping tree limbs

Question 9

life history

Answer 9

When an organism reproduces
How it reproduces
How many offspring, their size
Where they live
What they eat
Etc.
Will look at an example of guppies in Trinidad

Question 10

schooling

Answer 10

Schooling is an antipredator defense
Selfish herd effect
Predict guppies in high predator streams would form larger schools

Question 11

what do you need in natural selection lab

Answer 11

To be able to see many generations
Preserve early generations
Have multiple replicates

Question 12

Who successfully ran the E.coli lab

Answer 12

Richard Lenski

Question 13

Pleiotropy

Answer 13

– one gene has multiple effects

Question 14

Antagonistic pleiotropy

Answer 14

– a gene may have beneficial effects in one context, but deleterious effects in another

Question 15

large and small animals

square cube law

Answer 15

Metabolism higher in smaller animals
Greater potential for heat loss because surface area to volume (SA/V) ratio low
A smaller, lighter animal will generally have thinner bones
SA/V ratio low, so mass is relatively less

Question 16

constraints on what natrual selection can achieve

Answer 16

1. physical contraints- ostrage owl
2. evolutionary arms race- coevolution, the prey is not always able to escape and the predator isnt always able to capture the prey
3. Natural Selection lacks foresight- car part example

Question 17

Gene sharing

Answer 17

– genes gain new roles by being recruited in different parts of the body or at different times

Question 18

Lens crystallin proteins

Answer 18

– some are enzymes active elsewhere.