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Evolution > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Wrote the classic book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Argued that major advances in science are rare and that true scientific revolutions involve fundamental changes in the way we think.

A

Thomas Kuhn

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2
Q

Wrote, The origin of Species. Presented two revolutionary ideas. Realized that we descended from previously existing species, and species and their environments are a study of natural selection

A

Charles Darwin

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3
Q

a gradual process in which forms that are better suited to their environment increase in frequency over long periods of time.

A

natural selection

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4
Q

wrote “ nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” because of Darwins theory

A

Dobzhansky

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5
Q

CHANGE over time
change in allele frequency
mutations lead to changes in phenotype

A

evolution

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6
Q

changes in the DNA sequence
sometimes mutations can be good and change fitness for the better. most times this doesn’t happen
the result is evolutionary change by selection

A

mutations

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7
Q

observable measurable characteristics of organisms

A

phenotype

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8
Q

major transitions

A

the evolution of the prokaryotic cell, evolution of eukaryotic cell, evolution of multicellularty

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9
Q

naming of organisms

A

taxonomy

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10
Q

evolutionary history

A

phylogeny

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11
Q

When was Darwin born

A

Same as Abraham Lincoln

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12
Q

introduced Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

A

LaMarck

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13
Q

His Grandfather had been a leader in the development of evolutionary thought

A

Darwin’s

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14
Q 
His father (Robert) was a rich doctor and financier
His mother (Susannah) was part of the Wedgwood family -famous for pottery
A

Darwin

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15
Q
  • went to premier medical school in Edinburgh, Scotland

Hated the brutality of surgery - couldn’t stand the sight of blood

A

Darwin

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16
Q

he spent more time in natural history classes
Learned taxidermy from a freed black slave (John Edmonstone) who was instrumental in developing his belief that Africans and Europeans were closely related

A

Darwin

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17
Q

worked with Robert grant in studying homology and common decent

18
Q

1827 - father was upset at his lack of progress and moved him to Christ’s College, England

19
Q

was hired as a ships gentleman

20
Q

Darwin was hired as a friend to this captain, to keep him company.

A

Captain Robert FitzRoy -just 26 years old

21
Q

wrote “Principles of Geology” from FitzRoy

A

Charles Lyell

22
Q

First stop - island of St. Jago where he saw a volcano with cooked corals far from the beach
Eventually would propose the explanation for coral atoll formation - sinking volcanoes

23
Q

Set about to write Volume 3 of FitzRoy’s account

of the Beagle

24
Q

chastised Darwin for not putting island on the birds he collected in the Galapagos - Darwin’s finches

A

John Gould (ornithologist)

25
Q

Who did Darwin marry

A 
Emma Wedgwood (his 1st cousin) in 1839
• She was a devout Anglican and was not too happy about his ideas on transmutation - afraid that they would not be together in heaven
26
Q

said you can’t possibly say such things until you have studied the taxonomy of something in detail
He meant it as a joke - Darwin spent the next 8 years studying barnacles

27
Q

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation

A

1844: published anonymously (Robert Chambers\
Paved the way for Darwin
Sedgwick: “…If the book be true, the labours of sober induction
are in vain; religion is a lie; human law is a mass of folly, and a base injustic; morality is moonshine; our labours for the black people of Africa were works of madmen; and man and woman are only better beasts!”

28
Q

we can view all species that live or ever have lived as forming a vast branching tree of relationships known as…

A

tree of life

29
Q

represents a species that is currently living in the world today or has gone extinct

A

phylogenic

30
Q

hypothesized that humans share a common ancestor with great apes

A

Darwin and Huxley

31
Q

which genes are turned on and off

A

gene expression

32
Q

who proposed the model of sex ratios

A

hypothesized by Darwin, fully developed by fisher

33
Q

Grandfather had been a leader in the development of evolutionary thought

34
Q

Darwin received an early copy of Volume 1 of Charles Lyell’s “Principles of Geology” from

35
Q

was incredibly seasick

36
Q

took his own life

37
Q

said he would rather have an ape than a ignorant person for a grandfather

38
Q

argued that if you find a watch, there must be a watch maker

• Today, we call this the “Intelligent Design” movement

A

William Paley

39
Q

came up with uniformitarianism

A

Charles Lyell

40
Q

came up with struggle for existance

Evolution (15 decks)

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