Chapter 1

Question 1

Wrote the classic book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. Argued that major advances in science are rare and that true scientific revolutions involve fundamental changes in the way we think.

Answer 1

Thomas Kuhn

Question 2

Wrote, The origin of Species. Presented two revolutionary ideas. Realized that we descended from previously existing species, and species and their environments are a study of natural selection

Answer 2

Charles Darwin

Question 3

a gradual process in which forms that are better suited to their environment increase in frequency over long periods of time.

Answer 3

natural selection

Question 4

wrote “ nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” because of Darwins theory

Answer 4

Dobzhansky

Question 5

CHANGE over time
change in allele frequency
mutations lead to changes in phenotype

Answer 5

evolution

Question 6

changes in the DNA sequence
sometimes mutations can be good and change fitness for the better. most times this doesn’t happen
the result is evolutionary change by selection

Answer 6

mutations

Question 7

observable measurable characteristics of organisms

Answer 7

phenotype

Question 8

major transitions

Answer 8

the evolution of the prokaryotic cell, evolution of eukaryotic cell, evolution of multicellularty

Question 9

naming of organisms

Answer 9

taxonomy

Question 10

evolutionary history

Answer 10

phylogeny

Question 11

When was Darwin born

Answer 11

Same as Abraham Lincoln

Question 12

introduced Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics

Answer 12

LaMarck

Question 13

His Grandfather had been a leader in the development of evolutionary thought

Answer 13

Darwin’s

Question 14

His father (Robert) was a rich doctor and financier
His mother (Susannah) was part of the Wedgwood family -famous for pottery

Answer 14

Darwin

Question 15

• went to premier medical school in Edinburgh, Scotland

Hated the brutality of surgery - couldn’t stand the sight of blood

Answer 15

Darwin

Question 16

he spent more time in natural history classes
Learned taxidermy from a freed black slave (John Edmonstone) who was instrumental in developing his belief that Africans and Europeans were closely related

Answer 16

Darwin

Question 17

worked with Robert grant in studying homology and common decent

Answer 17

Darwin

Question 18

1827 - father was upset at his lack of progress and moved him to Christ’s College, England

Answer 18

Darwin

Question 19

was hired as a ships gentleman

Answer 19

Darwin

Question 20

Darwin was hired as a friend to this captain, to keep him company.

Answer 20

Captain Robert FitzRoy -just 26 years old

Question 21

wrote “Principles of Geology” from FitzRoy

Answer 21

Charles Lyell

Question 22

First stop - island of St. Jago where he saw a volcano with cooked corals far from the beach
Eventually would propose the explanation for coral atoll formation - sinking volcanoes

Answer 22

Darwin

Question 23

Set about to write Volume 3 of FitzRoy’s account

of the Beagle

Answer 23

Darwin

Question 24

chastised Darwin for not putting island on the birds he collected in the Galapagos - Darwin’s finches

Answer 24

John Gould (ornithologist)

Question 25

Who did Darwin marry

Answer 25

``` Emma Wedgwood (his 1st cousin) in 1839 • She was a devout Anglican and was not too happy about his ideas on transmutation - afraid that they would not be together in heaven ```

Question 26

said you can’t possibly say such things until you have studied the taxonomy of something in detail He meant it as a joke - Darwin spent the next 8 years studying barnacles

Answer 26

Hooker

Question 27

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation

Answer 27

1844: published anonymously (Robert Chambers\ Paved the way for Darwin Sedgwick: "...If the book be true, the labours of sober induction are in vain; religion is a lie; human law is a mass of folly, and a base injustic; morality is moonshine; our labours for the black people of Africa were works of madmen; and man and woman are only better beasts!"

Question 28

we can view all species that live or ever have lived as forming a vast branching tree of relationships known as...

Answer 28

tree of life

Question 29

represents a species that is currently living in the world today or has gone extinct

Answer 29

phylogenic

Question 30

hypothesized that humans share a common ancestor with great apes

Answer 30

Darwin and Huxley

Question 31

which genes are turned on and off

Answer 31

gene expression

Question 32

who proposed the model of sex ratios

Answer 32

hypothesized by Darwin, fully developed by fisher

Question 33

Grandfather had been a leader in the development of evolutionary thought

Answer 33

Darwin

Question 34

Darwin received an early copy of Volume 1 of Charles Lyell’s “Principles of Geology” from

Answer 34

Fitzroy

Question 35

was incredibly seasick

Answer 35

Darwin

Question 36

took his own life

Answer 36

Fitszroy

Question 37

said he would rather have an ape than a ignorant person for a grandfather

Answer 37

Huxley

Question 38

argued that if you find a watch, there must be a watch maker | • Today, we call this the “Intelligent Design” movement

Answer 38

William Paley

Question 39

came up with uniformitarianism

Answer 39

Charles Lyell

Question 40

came up with struggle for existance

Answer 40

Darwin