Chapter 6

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

sum of all the chemicals processes carried out by living organisms (anabolism + catabolism)

Question 2

Anabolism

Answer 2

reactions that require energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones, required for growth, reproduction, and cell repair (photosynthesis)

Question 3

Catabolism

Answer 3

reactions that release energy by breaking complex molecules into simpler ones that can be reused as building blocks. Provides the organism with energy for its life processes (movement, transport, anabolism) (digestion)

Question 4

Aerobic

Answer 4

organisms that use oxygen, include some that must have oxygen (obligate aerobe - grows only in presence of o2))

Question 5

Facultative

Answer 5

use oxygen if it is available, but are able to function without it (humans aren’t facultative, they can’t live without oxygen) facultative aerobes can live without oxygen, but choose oxygen - e. coli)

Question 6

Anaerobic

Answer 6

organisms that do not use oxygen. Include some that are killed by exposure to oxygen (obligate anaerobe - grows only in absence of o2)

Question 7

Deamination

Answer 7

part of protein catabolism - removal of amino group, amino group produces urea that is removed via the urine

Question 8

Glycolysis

Answer 8

carbohydrate catabolism:
- Universal first step
- Breaks down glucose (6c) into two 3c molecule
- Used by aerobes and anaerobes
- It can occur in the presence or absence of oxygen since it doesn’t require oxygen
- Yields 2 atp

Question 9

Fermentation

Answer 9

follows glycolysis if metabolism does not require oxygen, used by anaerobes and aerobes, it can occur in the presence or absence of oxygen since it does not require oxygen, does not yield any ATP (yields acids and alcohols)

Question 10

Aerobic respiration

Answer 10

follows glycolysis, kreb cycle and electron transport chain produces a theoretical maximum
Eukaryotic: 36
Prokaryotic: 38
Actual net yield can vary from 29.85 ATP to 38 ATP per glucose molecule

Question 11

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 11

leads the transfer of electrons from substrate other than o2 such as nitrate and sulfate, yields 2 ATP

Question 12

Source of energy

Answer 12

photo, chemo

Question 13

chemo

Answer 13

obtain energy from oxidizing simple inorganic substances

Question 14

photo

Answer 14

obtain chemical energy from light

Question 15

Source of Carbon

Answer 15

Autotrophs, Heterotrophs

Question 16

autotrophs

Answer 16

self feeder, use carbon dioxide to synthesize organic molecules (absorb things out of air)

Question 17

Heterotrophs

Answer 17

other feeder. Get their carbon from ready made organic molecules (we need to eat something in order to make something)

Question 18

Carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 18

starts with glycolysis (or pp/ed pathways), then if oxygen is not required by metabolism, it is followed by fermentation and anaerobic respiration. If oxygen is required by the metabolism, then aerobic respiration happens.

Question 19

Protein metabolism

Answer 19

protein is acquired via nutrition or molecules in the cell. Protein hydrolysis into single amino acids. Process of deamination. Leftover carbon molecule choices:
Glycolysis
Fermentation
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 20

Fat metabolism

Answer 20

glycerol (3c)
Enter at the end of glycolysis
Fatty acids depending on number of carbon choices: krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

Question 21

Know the final amount of ATP produced at:
Glycolysis:
Fermentation:
Aerobic respiration:
Anaerobic respiration:

Answer 21

Glycolysis - 2 atp
Fermentation no atp (acids and alcohols)
Aerobic respiration max 38 atp (Eukaryotic: 36 Prokaryotic: 38)
Anaerobic respiration - 2?