Chapter 6 Flashcards
test #2 m- the middle ages
Music and the church
Christian church was patron of the arts
Most notated music was church music
Plainchant
non-metrical chanting sacred texts
Gregorian chant, based on medieval modes
Sacred chants happen globally: Qur’anic recitation (Muezzin- Cleric who “sings” the call to prayer), Hawaiian chant, Native American
Syllabic
one note per syllable
Troubador vs trouvere
troubadour- poets/musicians in 12th c. Southern France (example: Bernat de Ventadorn)
Trouvere- – poets/musicians in 12th c. Northern France
- Archaic French sounds
- royalty were patrons, first large collection of secular music
- concerned with chivalric love and heroes
Estampies
instrumental court dances of the medieval ages
lively triple meter, one-line
Medieval notation
indicated only pitches, not instruments, tempo, dynamics, etc.
Evolution of organum/counterpoint
earliest type of polyphony
(example: Perotin- famous for 3/4 voice organum )
- new melody (counterpoint) below plainchant, note for note
- other new counterpoints added, often with melismas
Later medieval polyphony
greater focus on secular music
greater melodic independence
more intricate rhythms and notation
Medieval Motet
New genre (13th c.)
fragment of Gregorian chant repeated in bottom voice
Upper voices (two or more) each have different secular text
- Sumer is icumen in”
Ars Nova
“New Art”
14th c., rhythmic independence, isorhythm
(example: Guillaume de Machaut)
Syllabic
one note per syllable
Isorhythm
repeating rhythmic pattern, rhythmic figures used over and over, sometimes with different pitches
Liturgy
church ritual of worship
- Christian church was patron of arts
- most musicians trained in church; most music church music
- Notated much differently than today, most notated music was church music
Ars antiqua
“old art”
Medieval modes
tonal organization, scales starting on different scale degrees
