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Bio 110 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Active Transport

A

moving substances against the concentration/electrical gradient. Requires cellular energy, driven by ATP hydrolysis, requires a membrane protein, and is specific

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2
Q

Antiporter

A

moving two substances in opposite directions

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3
Q

Aquaporin

A

special channels that allow water to cross membranes

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4
Q

Carrier proteins

A

membrane proteins that bind substances and speed their diffusion through the bilayer

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5
Q

cell adhesion

A

strengthening of the connection between two cells

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6
Q

cell junctions

A

specialized structures that hold cells together

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7
Q

cell recognition

A

cells recognize each other and bind to another cell of a certain type

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8
Q

concentration gradient

A

difference in concentration between two sides of a cell membrane

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9
Q

channel proteins

A

integral membrane proteins that form a tunnel

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10
Q

desmosome

A

“spot welds” (materials move around in extracellular matrix)

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11
Q

endocytosis

A

brings molecules together in eukaryotic cells (cell eating)

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12
Q

diffusion

A

random movement to equalibrium

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13
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

describes general structure of biological membranes

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13
Q

exocytosis

A

materials in vesicles are expelled from the cell

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14
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

passive movement of polar molecules through a membrane, no energy required, driven by concentration gradient, requires a membrane protein, and is specific

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15
Q

gated channel

A

can be closed or
open to ion passage

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15
Q

gap junctions

A

allow communication

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16
Q

glycolipid

A

carb+lipid

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17
Q

Hypertonic

A

high solute concentration

18
Q

homotypic

A

same molecule sticks out from
both cells and bind to each other

18
Q

heterotypic

A

cells have different proteins that
bind together

19
Q

glycoprotein

A

carb+protein

20
Q

Hypotonic

A

low solute concentration

21
Q

integrin

A

proteins that help cells attach to each other and to the ECM

21
Q

ion channel

A

channel proteins with hydrophilic
pores

21
Q

integral membrane proteins

A

have hydrophobic and hydrophilic
regions; some extend across
bilayer, others partially
embedded

22
Q

isotonic

A

equal solute concentration

23
Q

peripheral membrane proteins

A

lack hydrophobic regions so do
not penetrate bilayer

24
Q

ligand

A

a molecule that can bind to a receptor

25
Q

passive transport

A

no energy required

26
Q

phagocytosis

A

molecules or entire cells are engulfed

27
Q

pinocytosis

A

vesicle forms to bring small dissolved substances or
fluids into a cell

28
Q

primary active transport

A

requires direct hydrolysis of ATP

29
Q

receptor protein

A

integral membrane proteins located at specific sites on cell membrane; sites coated with other proteins

30
Q

receptor mediated endocytosis

A

very specific; macromolecules
bind to receptor proteins

31
Q

secondary active transport

A

energy comes from ion
concentration gradient established by primary active transport

32
Q

selective permeability

A

only some things enter and exit the cell membrane

33
Q

simple diffusion

A

small molecules pass through lipid
bilayer, no energy required, driven by concentration gradient, no membrane protein required, not specific

34
Q

sodium potassium pump

A

found in animal cells; an integral membrane glycoprotein (an antiporter)

35
Q

symporter

A

moving two substances in the same direction

36
Q

tight junction

A

prevent substances from moving through spaces between cells; help ensure directional movement
of materials

37
Q

transmembrane domains

A

on inner or outer side of bilayer,
have specific functions

38
Q

transmembrane proteins

A

extend all the way through
phospholipid bilayer, contain one or more transmembrane
domains

39
Q

turgor pressure

A

plant cells with rigid cell walls build up internal pressure that keeps more water from entering

40
Q

uniporter

A

moves one substance in one direction

Bio 110 (11 decks)

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