Chapter 3 Flashcards
Organic Molecules
Carbon based molecules
Isomers
same formula, differently arranged atoms
Structural Isomers
differ in how atoms are joined together
cis-trans isomers
differ in orientation around a double bond
Optical Isomers
occur when C atom has 4 different groups attached to it
4 molecules that make up life
Proteins, Carbohydrates, lipids, Nucleic acids
Macro Molecules
molecules containing thousands or more atoms
Functional Group
small groups of atoms that have specific chemical properties
R-OH
Hydroxyl group
R-COOH
Carboxyl Group
R-NH2
Amino Group
R-PO4-2
Phosphate group
Hydroxyl Group Properties
Polar, forms hydrogen bonds with water to help dissolve molecules. Enables linkage to other molecules by condensation
Carboxyl Group Properties
Charged; acidic. ionizes living tissues to form COO- and H+. Enters condensation by giving up an -OH.
Amino Group Properties
Charged; basic accepts H+ in living tissues to form NH3+. Enters condensation by giving up H+
Phosphate Group Properties
Charged; acidic. Enters condensation reactions by giving up -OH. When bonded to another phosphate, hydrolysis releases a lot of energy
Condensation Reaction
Form polymers- energy required and H2O is removed
Hydrolysis Reaction
break down polymers into monomers, energy is released, H2O consumed
Amino acids
monomer of proteins, have a carboxyl and amino group and function as both an acid an a base
Polypeptide Chain
single unbranched chain of amino acids
Peptide Link/Bond
amino acids bounded covalently in a condensation reaction
How many protein structures are there?
4 ( Primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary)
Primary Structure
Determines how a protein folds
Secondary Structure
localized areas of folding (alpha and beta pleated sheets)