Chapter 4

Question 1

adenine (A)

Answer 1

purine nucleotide base, pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA

Question 2

base

Answer 2

foundation of nucleotides, Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G), Thymine (T) and Uracil (U).

Question 3

cell

Answer 3

the basic unit of life

Question 4

complementary base pairing

Answer 4

purines and pyrimidines pairing by hydrogen bonds

Question 5

cytosine (C)

Answer 5

Pyrimidine nucleotide base, pairs with Guanine (G)

Question 6

deoxyribose

Answer 6

five carbon sugar with only an H on the seconded carbon

Question 7

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Answer 7

molecule that contains genetic information, contains deoxyribose, double stranded

Question 8

DNA replication

Answer 8

duplication of genetic material

Question 9

gene

Answer 9

segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Question 10

genetic expresion

Answer 10

process of genetic information being put into a specific function

Question 11

lipid bilayer

Answer 11

membrane that separates the inside from the outside of a cell, made up of two layers of lipids. The hydrophobic ends of these lipids meet together to form this structure

Question 12

genome

Answer 12

all DNA in an organism

Question 13

Guanine (G)

Answer 13

Purine nucleotide base, pairs with Cytosine (C)

Question 14

membrane

Answer 14

barrier that separates the inside of a cell from the outside environment

Question 15

nucleic acid

Answer 15

molecules specialized for storage, transmission, and use of genetic information

Question 16

nucleoside

Answer 16

pentose sugar + nitrogen base

Question 17

nucleotide

Answer 17

monomer of nucleic acids, have pentose sugar + nitrogen base + phosphate group

Question 18

Phosphodiester linkage

Answer 18

bond between two nucleotides

Question 19

protocells

Answer 19

stepping stones for origin
of cells

Question 20

purine

Answer 20

Fused double ring structures, Adenine and Guanine

Question 21

pyrimidines

Answer 21

six membered ring structure, Uracil, Thymine, and Cytosine

Question 22

ribose

Answer 22

pentose sugar with alcohol group on seconded carbon

Question 23

ribozyme

Answer 23

Catalytic RNAs that speed up reactions involving
their own nucleotides

Question 24

RNA (ribonucleic acid)

Answer 24

codes for new proteins via translating DNA, which it carries to ribosomes

Question 25

spontaneous generation

Answer 25

creating life from inanimate objects/nature (disproven)

Question 26

Thymine (T)

Answer 26

pyrimidine nucleotide base, pairs with Adenine (A) only found in DNA

Question 27

Transcription

Answer 27

Copying of DNA into RNA

Question 28

Translation

Answer 28

the process of RNA telling a cell which proteins to make

Question 29

Uracil (U)

Answer 29

Pyrimidine nucleotide base, pairs with Adenine (A), only found in RNA