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Psy 220 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

Process by which senosry receptor neurons detect information transmit it to the brain

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2
Q

Perception

A

The interpretation of sensory input(recognizing the information)

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3
Q

Constructivist (side of nuture)

A

Perceptions are consturcted through learning

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4
Q

Nativist(side of nature)

A

Innate capabilities and maturational drive perceptual development
Perception doesn’t require interpretation

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5
Q

Gibson’s Ecolgoical Theory of perception

A

Nature vs Nuture are inseparable
Perception drives action

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6
Q

how does babies sense and perceive

Hibituation paradigm

A

Same stimulus —> eventually the baby will lose interest in object

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7
Q

How does babies sense and perceive

Preferenatial paradigm

A

Two stimulus against each other, which one the baby looks at longer

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8
Q

How does babies sense and perceive

EEG

A

records the brain activtiy of the baby while there’s a simulus

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9
Q

Vision

A

Eyes takes in stimulation in form of light, converts information to signals that’s sent to the brain, brain interpret the signal

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10
Q

Infant’s visual attention

A

Patterns with large contour attracts attention
Displays that are dynamic
Patterns that are moderately complex

High complex is too much for baby

Likes to look new things over old things

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11
Q

infant auditory recognition

A

look longer at the source of familiar sounds compared to novel(Stranger) sounds

6 months = universal listener
10 months = stops being the universal listener

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12
Q

Face process infants

A

1 month old focus on top of the head
2 month focus more on the central of the face( more information)

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13
Q

Infants’ depth perception

A

Infants of crawling age can clearly perceive depth

Not born with

Demonstrated by visual cliff experiement

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14
Q

Infant hearing

A

Hearing is more develop than vision at birth,
localize hearing

Look towards soft sounds, but look away from loud sounds

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15
Q

Conjugating reinforcement technique

A

testing of the long term memory and perceptual information

child’s foot attracted to a ribbon on the crib

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16
Q

Infants

Taste and smell(Chemical Sense)

A

Babies can distinguish sweet, bitter, and sour
Sense of smell is well developed at birth

Different kinds of food = less picky eater(between 4 -6 months)
Exposure to fimiliar scent = calming

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17
Q

Infant body sense(somaesthetic)

A

Touch, temperature, pain, and kinethetic sense

Pretty well developed at birth

Unable to regulate body temperature

18
Q

Childhood

Locomotion

A

allows the children to move from one place to another

Develop gross motor skills before fine motor skils

19
Q

When does Infant engage in rhythmic stereotypes behavior

A

Before a new motor skill emerges, but not after

Rocking, swaying, banging arms up and down

20
Q

Dynamic systems Theory

A

Developments take place over time through a “self-organizing” process

Use senosry feedback when trying different movements to modify their motor behvaior

21
Q

Cross-modal perception

A

Increases across childhood, Recognize through one sense an object familiar through another

Recognizing an object through mulitple senses

22
Q

Orienting system

A

Reacts to the events in the environment

23
Q

Focusing system

A

Deliberately seeks out and maintains attention to events

24
Q

Adolescent attention

A

Longer than children
Increased myelination of the brain that help regulate attention
Become more efficient at ignoring irrelevant information

Not good at multitasking, those who said they are confident in multitasking can’t see their own mistakes(Overfident bias)

25
Q

Hearing in adolescence

A

Exposure to sounds above 75 decibels can damage hearing

26
Q

Tinnitus

A

Ringing sound in your ears after noise exposure

Already damaged your hearing

27
Q

Taste in adolescents

A

Slight decline in preference for sweets
Increase sensitivity to and liking of sour taste

28
Q

Smell in adolescents

A

Women has greater sensitivity than men to odors

Fertile women and men may use odor part of their criteria for mates

29
Q

Age-related Visual changes

Pupil

A

Less reponsive to changes in light

30
Q

Age-related Visual changes

Lens

A

Catatact: Cloudiness of the lens
Presbyopia: Thickening of the lens

31
Q

Age-related Visual changes

Retina

A

Age-realted macular degneration(AMD): loss of central vision
Retinitis pigementosa: loss of peripheral vision

32
Q

Age-related Visual changes

Eyeball

A

Glaucoma: Increased fluid pressure in the eyeball

Loss of periperal visoin and eventually all vision

33
Q

Older adults

Attention and visual search

A

Older adults have greatest difficulties in processing visual information when situation is novel and when it is complex

34
Q

Changes in chemical senses in adulthood

Chemical senes are taste and smell

A

General decline in sensitivity to taste
Ability to perceive odors declines with age

bad odor are easier to detect than pleasant ones

Male show greater decline than female, Food becomes tasteless to adults -> greater use of salt

35
Q

Age-related

Changes in somesthetic senses

A

Detection threshold for touch increases and sensitivity is gradually lost from childhood

Requires a firmer touch

36
Q

Age-related

Hearing

A

Hearing impariment is 3 times as prevalent as visual impairment

Loss due to high-frequency, after age 50 low-frequency is lost

37
Q

Speech perception in older adulthood

A

More difficulty understanding conversation due to decline in aduitory sensitvity and cognitive

Uses semantic context to help “fill in the gaps” when they can’t hear
Greater vocabulary

38
Q

Temporal resolution

A

Ability to detect and maintain the ordering of rapidly arriving sounds

39
Q

Spectral resolution

A

Isolation and discrimination of the frequency components of complex signals

Filter out surrounding sounds and focusing on the conversation

40
Q

Contextual support

A

Helps older adult “fill in the gaps”

Psy 220 (9 decks)

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