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Psy 220 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons

A

Dentrites (where info travels)
Cell body
Axon
Synapse (connects to the dentrites)

100 billions

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2
Q

Myelin

A

Fat substance around axon

speeds up transmission of neural messages

associated with white matter

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3
Q

Myelination

A

Increase speed of transmitted between neurons

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4
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Spatial awareness

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5
Q

Occipital lobe

A

process visual simulates

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6
Q

Temperal lobe

A

Audio process, long term memory

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7
Q

Frontal lobe

A

decision making

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8
Q

Cerebellum

A

govern basic functions, second brain

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9
Q

Synatogensis(infant)

A

Growth of synapses

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10
Q

Synaptic pruning

A

removal of uncessary synapses

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11
Q

Cortical conncectivity

A

Brain use local, well-pruned connections extensive
short local connections are cheaper than long ones

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12
Q

Principle of growth

Cephalocadual principle

A

growth occurs in a head to tail direction

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13
Q

Principle of growth

Proximodistal principle

A

Growth and development of body begins from the center and moves outward to the extremities

Gross motor skills develop before fine motor skill

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14
Q

Principle of growth

Orthogenetic principle

A

Development starts gobally and undifferentiated
moves toward increasily differentiation and hierarchical integrations( migration)

Simple to complex

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15
Q

reflex

A

unlearned involuntary response to simulus

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16
Q

Survival reflex

A

permanent reflex

eye blinking, breathing reflex

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17
Q

primitive reflex

A

reflex present in early development but disappear as age

graping reflex, swimming reflex

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18
Q

Infant mortality

A

35% due to premature birth
25% due to labor and delivery
25% due to infections

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19
Q

Congenital malfunctions

A

Defects present at birth
Due to genetic or prenatal events

Leading cause of death: heart disease, down syndrome, spina bifida

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20
Q

Cerebral laterlaization

A

two hemipsheres are specialized for different modes of processing

Can’t be left brain or right brain since brain uses a lot of energy

Left: Analytical, control right side, language
Right: Space, motor, emotional, control left side

21
Q

Physical behavior

Toddlers

A

Capable of controlling their movements in relation to a stationary world

22
Q

Phsyical behavior

Children

A

Master the ability to move capably in a changing envrionment

23
Q

Adolescent brain development

Grey matter(Made up of cell bodies)

A

Increases, peaks, and decrease throughout the teen years

24
Q

Adolsecent brain development

White matter (Made up of clusters of axons)

A

Increases linearly

25
Q

Endocrine system

Pituitary gland

(Most important gland in the brain)

A

Controlled by the hypothalamus
produces growth hormone

26
Q

Endocrine system

Thyroid Gland

A

Throid deficiency during pregnancy can negative impact brain devleopment

Gland that’s in the throat

27
Q

Endocrine System

A

Plays role in regulating male and female hormones

Simulate productions of growth hormones -> physical maturation

28
Q

Sexual Maturation(Tanner scale)

Adrenarche

A

Circulation of adrenal hormones
Contributes to secondary sex characteristics(pubic and underarm hair)

29
Q

Sexual Maturation(Tanner scale)

Menarche

A

First menstruation typically ages between 11 - 15

Early today than before due to environment and nutritions

30
Q

Sexual Maturation(Tanner scale)

Semenarche

A

Boy’s first ejaculation around age 13

31
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)

Concussion

A

Brief loss of brain function due to a hit or blow to the head

Symptoms include: Headache, Sensitivty to light and sounds, feeling dizzy, slow reaction time

32
Q

Chronic Traumatic Ecenphalopathy(CTE)

A

A progressive degnerative brain disease that occurs as a consequence of reptitive mild TBI

Brain actually starts to shrink

Symptoms: Implusivity, aggression, depression, short-term memory loss,
Symptoms typically begin 8 - 10 years after repetitive TBI

33
Q

Theories of aging

Progammed theories of aging

A

Emphasize the systematic genetic control of aging processes

Max lifespan relate to decrease in telomere(things at the end of cells)

34
Q

Theories of aging

Random error theories of aging

A

Call attention to more haphazard process that cause errors in cells to accumulate and organ systems to deteriorate

Gradually deteriorate of the cells

Exposure to free radical

35
Q

Reproductive system in adulthood

Perimenopause

A

Genital organ change begins in the 40s

36
Q

Reproductive system in adulthood

Menopause

A

End of female reproductive system

37
Q

Reproductive system in adulthood

Andropause

A

Reduction of libeo, decline in testosterone

Mark of male genetial change

38
Q

Premenstrual Syndrome

A

Caused by fluctuations in estrogens and progesterone levels

Changes in hormones during menstrual cycle

Symptoms include: Bloating, headache, moodiness, breast tenderness

39
Q

Premenstrual dysphoric Disorder

A

affects 2% - 3% of women
Includes affective symptoms in addition to the physical symptoms assoicated with menstruation

Severe form of PMS

40
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Wear and tear disease

(curved spine)

Leading cause of bone loss

41
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Destructive joint disease that devleops suddenly

42
Q

Ways to combat bone loss

A
  1. high diet in calcium and Vitamin D
  2. No smoking and avoid second hand smoke
  3. Weight exercise
43
Q

Cardiovascular disease

A
  • Heart attack
  • Stiffen of arteries
  • Stroke
  • High blood pressure
  • Congestive heart failure( most common)
44
Q

Emphysema

A

Destruction of the membranes around the air sacs in the lungs

82% caused by smoking

45
Q

Chronic bronchitis

A

Common with people over 45, exposure to dust, fumes, and air pollutions

46
Q

Age-related changes in Neurons

A
  • Size and number of dentrites decreases
  • number of synapses decrease
  • tangles develop in axon fibers
47
Q

Age-related changes in Neurotransmitters

A
  • Declining levels of dopamine -> poorer memory and performance on task that require fast processing
  • Seotonin and acetylcholine decline with age
48
Q

Age related changes in brain strucutures

A
  • White matter are less well organized
  • Myelin loss
  • Grey matter volume shrinks

Psy 220 (9 decks)

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