Chapter 6

Question 1

External attributions

Answer 1

ascribe the causes of behavior to situational demands and environmental constraints.

Question 2

Internal attributions

Answer 2

ascribe the causes of behavior to personal dispositions, traits, abilities, and feelings.

Question 3

Ingratiation

Answer 3

is behaving in ways to make oneself likable to others.

Question 4

Possible selves

Answer 4

are one’s conceptions about the kind of person one might become in the future

Question 5

Public self

Answer 5

is an image presented to others in social interactions.

Question 6

Self-attributions

Answer 6

are inferences that people draw about the causes of their own behavior.

Question 7

Self-concept

Answer 7

is a collection of beliefs about one’s own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior.

Question 8

Self-defending behaviors

Answer 8

are seemingly intentional actions that thwart a person’s self-interest.

Question 9

Self-discrepancy

Answer 9

consists of a mismatch between the self-perceptions that make up the actual self, ideal self, and ought self.

Question 10

Self-efficacy

Answer 10

is one’s belief about one’s ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes.

Question 11

Self-enhancement

Answer 11

is the tendency to seek positive (and reject negative) information about oneself.

Question 12

Self-handicapping

Answer 12

is the tendency to sabotage one’s performance to provide an excuse for possible failure.

Question 13

Self-monitoring

Answer 13

refers to the degree to which people attend to and control the impressions they make on others.

Question 14

Self-regulation

Answer 14

is the process of directing and controlling one’s behavior to achieve desired goals.

Question 15

Self-serving bias

Answer 15

or the tendency to attribute one’s successes to personal factors and one’s failures to situational factors