chapter 5

Question 1

Alcohol dependence

Answer 1

is a chronic, progressive disorder marked by a growing compulsion to drink and impaired control over drinking that eventually interferes with health and social behavior.

Question 2

Health Psychology

Answer 2

is concerned with how psychosocial factors relate to the promotion and maintenance of health and with the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness.

Question 3

Immune response

Answer 3

is the body’s defensive reaction to invasion by bacteria, viral agents, or other foreign substances.

Question 4

Narcotics

Answer 4

are drugs derived from opium that are capable of relieving pain.

Question 5

Physical dependence

Answer 5

exists when a person must continue to take a drug to avoid withdrawal illness (which occurs when drug use is terminated).

Question 6

Psychological Dependence

Answer 6

exists when a person must continue to take a drug to satisfy intense mental and emotional craving for it.

Question 7

Set-point theory

Answer 7

proposes that the body monitors fat-cell levels to keep them (and weight) fairly stable.

Question 8

Type A personality

Answer 8

includes three elements: (1) a strong competitive orientation, (2) impatience and time urgency, and (3) anger and hostility.

Question 9

Type B personality

Answer 9

is marked by relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, amicable behavior.

Question 10

Unrealistic optimism

Answer 10

in which they are aware that certain health-related behaviors are dangerous, but they erroneously view those dangers as risks for others rather than themselves.