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Medical Terminology (ch. 1, 12, 6, 10, 5, 7, 8) > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anti-

A

against

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2
Q

carcin/o

A

cancerous

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3
Q

immun/o

A

immune/ protection/ safe

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4
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph/ lymphatic tissue

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5
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node or gland

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6
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

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7
Q

neo-

A

new/ strange

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8
Q

ne/o

A

new/ strange

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9
Q

-oma

A

tumor, neoplasm

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10
Q

onc/o

A

tumor

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11
Q

phag/o

A

eat/swallow

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12
Q

-plasm

A

formative material of cells

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13
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh/ connective tissue

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14
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

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15
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

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16
Q

tox/o

A

poison/ poisonous

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17
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

the most advanced and fatal stage of and HIV infection

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18
Q

allergen

A

a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual

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19
Q

anaphylaxis

A

a severe, systemic response to an allergen

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20
Q

antibiotics

A

medication capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacteria

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21
Q

antibody

A

a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen

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22
Q

antifungal

A

an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi

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23
Q

antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as being foreign

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24
Q

antigen-antibody reaction

A

binding antigens to antibodies; this reaction labels a potentially dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed by other cells of the immune system

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25
Q

autoimmune disorder

A

any of a large group of diseases characterized by a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against its own tissues, mistaking healthy cells, tissues, or organs for antigens

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26
Q

bacilli

A

rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria

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27
Q

bacteria

A

A group of one-celled microscopic organisms, some of which are pathogenic

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28
Q

benign

A

something that is not life-threatening

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29
Q

candidiasis

A

a yeast infection

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30
Q

carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

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31
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues

32
Q

complement system

A

a group of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form; when needed, these cells complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens by combining with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells

33
Q

COVID-19

A

a highly contagious viral infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus

34
Q

cytokines

A

a group of proteins such as interferons and interleukins released primarily by the T cells; these cells act as intracellular signals to begin the immune response

35
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

a type of herpesvirus found in most body fluids

36
Q

cytotoxic drug

A

medication that kills or damages cells

37
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ

A

breast cancer at its earliest stage before the abnormal cells have broken through the wall of the milk duct

38
Q

hemolytic

A

destroying worn-out erythrocytes (red blood cells) and releasing their hemoglobin for reuse

39
Q

herpes zoster

A

an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve

40
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

a cancer of the immune system distinguished by the presence of large, cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells

41
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

a bloodborne infection in which the virus damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail, thus leaving the body at risk of developing many life threatening opportunistic infections

42
Q

immunoglobulins

A

antibodies that bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response

43
Q

immunosuppressant

A

a substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response

44
Q

immunotherapy

A

a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune system

45
Q

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

A

breast cancer that starts in the milk duct and invades the fatty breast tissue outside the duct

46
Q

interferons

A

produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells; interferons activate the immune system, fight viruses by slowing or stopping their multiplication, and signal other cells to increase their defenses

47
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

48
Q

lymphangioma

A

a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system

49
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues

50
Q

lymphocytes

A

also known as lymphoid cells; leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow as stem cells; work together with the body’s organs to defend the body against antigens

51
Q

lymphoma

A

a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues

52
Q

lymphoscintigraphy

A

a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels

53
Q

macrophage

A

a type of leukocyte that surrounds and kills invading cells; macrophages also remove dead cells and stimulate the action of other immune cells

54
Q

malaria

A

a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito

55
Q

malignant

A

becoming progressively worse and life-threatening

56
Q

mammography

A

an x-ray examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells

57
Q

metastasis

A

describes the process by which cancer is spread to a new site, and the term is also used to describe the tumor itself

58
Q

metastasize

A

to spread from one place to another, as in cancer

59
Q

myoma

A

a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue

60
Q

myosarcoma

A

a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

61
Q

non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

the term used to describe all lymphomas other than Hodgkin’s lymphoma

62
Q

opportunistic infection

A

infection caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans

63
Q

osteosarcoma

A

a hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee

64
Q

parasite

A

a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism

65
Q

rabies

A

an acute viral infection transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal

66
Q

rickettsia

A

a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites

67
Q

rubella

A

a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine, pink rash

68
Q

sarcoma

A

a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues, including hard and, more commonly, soft tissues

69
Q

spirochetes

A

long, slender, spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

70
Q

splenomegaly

A

an abnormal enlargement of the spleen

71
Q

staphylococci

A

a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes

72
Q

streptococci

A

bacteria that form a chain

73
Q

systematic reaction

A

also described as anaphylaxis or anaphylactic shock, is a severe response to an allergen; the symptoms of this response develop quickly, and without prompt medical aid, the patient can die within a few minutes

74
Q

teletherapy

A

precisely targeted radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body

75
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

a disease caused by a parasite most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated feces

76
Q

varicella

A

a highly contagious infection caused by the herpesvirus Varicella zoster; also known as chickenpox

Medical Terminology (ch. 1, 12, 6, 10, 5, 7, 8) (8 decks)

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