Chapter 12 Flashcards
cry/o
cold
cutane/o
skin
derm/o, dermat
skin
hidr/o
sweat
hirsut/o
hairy/ rough
lip/o
fat/ lipid
melan/o
black/ dark
myc/o
fungus
onych/o
fingernail or toenail
pil/i, pil/o
hair
py/o
pus
rhytid/o
wrinkle
seb/o
sebum
urtic/o
rash/hives
xer/o
dry
actinic keratosis
a pre-cancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin
albinism
a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes
alopecia
the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp
blepharoplasty
surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin
bulla
a large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter
capillary hemangioma
a soft, raised, pink, or red vascular birthmark
carbuncle
a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)
cellulitis
an acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues of the skin
cicatrix
a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound
comedo
a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle
debridement
the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
dysplastic nevi
atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer
ecchymosis
a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin
eczema
a form of recurring dermatitis characterized by itching, redness, and dryness
erythema
redness of the skin due to capillary dilation
erythroderma
abnormal redness of the entire skin surface
exanthem
a widespread rash, usually in children
exfoliative dermatitis
a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin
folliculitis
inflammation of the hair follicles
furuncles
large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands
hematoma
a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues
hirsutism
excessive bodily and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern
ichthyosis
a group of disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin
impetigo
a highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
keloid
an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision
keratosis
any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin
koilonychia
a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon
lipedema
a chronic abnormal condition characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs
lipoma
a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer
macule
a discolored, flat spot on the skin that is less than 1 cm in diameter
malignant melanoma
a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes
melasma
a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face
necrotizing fasciitis
a rare, severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria
onychocryptosis
ingrown toenail
onychomycosis
a fungal infection of the nail
papilloma
a benign, superficial, wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder
papule
a small, raised red lesion on the skin that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter
paronychia
an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail
pediculosis
an infestation of lice
petechiae
very small pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin less than 2 mm in diameter
pressure ulcer
an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin over a bony prominence
pruritus
itching
psoriasis
a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks
purpura
multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin
purulent
producing or containing pus
rhytidectomy
surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles
rosacea
a chronic skin condition of unknown cause that produces tiny red pimples and enlarged blood vessels on the face
scabies
a skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites
scleroderma
an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen
seborrheic dermatitis
inflammation resulting from overactivity of the sebaceous glands that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp
squamous cell carcinoma
a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium that can quickly spread to other body systems
systemic lupus erythematosus
an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk that also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems
tinea
a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails
urticaria
itchy wheals on the skin caused by an allergic reaction
verrucae
small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus
vitiligo
a skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes, resulting in irregular patches of white skin
wheal
a small bump on the skin that itches
xeroderma
excessively dry skin
integumentary system
is made up of the skin and its related structures, performs important functions in maintaining the health of the body
integument
comes from latin word meaning to cover or enclose
skin
forms the protective outer layer covering the external surfaces of the entire body
sebaceous gland
secrete sebum (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin
sweat glands
help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat. A small amount of metabolic waste is also excreted through the sweat glands
hair
helps control the loss of body heat
nails
protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger
epidermis
the outermost layer of the skin, is made up of several specialized epithelial tissues
epithelial tissues
form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body
squamous
scale-like
squamous epithelial tissue
forms the upper layer of the epidermis, contains flat, scaly cells that are continuously shed
basal layer
is the lowest layer of the epidermis, new cells are produced here and pushed upward, when they reach the surface, they die and become filled with keratin
keratin
is a fibrous, water-repellent protein, soft keratin is a primary component of the epidermis. hard keratin is found in the hair and nails
melanocytes
are special cells that are found in the basal cell layer. these cells produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment known as melanin
meleanin
is the pigment that determines the color of the skin, also produces freckles and age spots
dermis or corium
the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis
sensory nerve endings
the sensory receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure
collagen
means glue, is a tough yet flexible fibrous protein material found in the skin and also in the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments
mast cells
which are found in the connective tissue of the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine
heparin
is released in response to an injury, is an anticoagulant
anticoagulant
prevents blood clotting
histamine
is released in response to allergens, causes the symptoms of an allergic response, including itching and increased mucus secretion
subcutaneous layer
is located just below the layers of the skin and connects the skin to the surface muscles
adipose
fat
cellulite
a term used to describe deposits of dimpled fat around the buttocks and thighs
lipocytes
fat cells
sebum
an oily substance that is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles
sudoriferous glands/ sweat glands
are tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces
pores
the openings on the surface of the skin that act as the ducts of the sweat glands
perspiration/ sweat
is secreted by sweat glands and is made up of 99% water plus some salt and metabolic waste products
hidrosis
is the production and excretion of perspiration
mammary glands
milk producing glands
hair
rod-like structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin
hair follicles
are the sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers
arrector pili
tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect
unguis
fingernail or toenail
nail plate
is translucent, is closely molded to the surface of the underlying tissues. It is made up of hard, keratinized plates of epidermal cells
nail bed
is the skin underneath the nail plate, which joins the nail body to the underlying connective tissue and nourishes the nail
free edge
is the portion of the nail not attached to the nail bed, extends beyond the tip of the finger or toe
lunula
is a pale half-moon-shaped region at every nail root, which is generally most easily seen in the thumbnail
cuticle
a narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root, protecting the new keratin cells as they form
nail root
fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin
plastic surgeon
is a physician who specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structures
cosmetic surgeons
are plastic surgeons who perform operations such as breast augmentation, liposuction, and facelifts that are usually done for aesthetic rather than medical reasons
acne
is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by an overproduction of sebum around the hair shaft
sebaceous cyst
a closed sac that is found just under the skin. These cysts contain yellow, fatty material and are usually found on the face, neck, or trunk
seborrheic keratosis
is a benign skin growth that has a waxy or “pasted-on” look. These growths, which can vary in color from light tan to black, occur most commonly in adults over the age of 50
anhidrosis
is the abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat
phor
movement
dia-
through or complete
heat rash
is an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells
heat stroke
a medical emergency caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures, characterized by a core temp of at least 104, altered mental state, and racing heart rate
hyperhidrosis
a condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body
follicul
hair follicle
trichomycosis axillaris
a superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands such as the armpits
trich
hair
axill
armpit
alopec
baldness
alopecia areata
is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles causing well defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body
alopecia totalis
is an uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp
Alopecia universalis
Is the total loss of hair on all parts of the body
Androgenic alopecia
Is the most common type of hair loss
Clubbing
The abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips
Koilonychia
Is the malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon
Koil
Hollow or concave
Onychia
Is an inflammation of the bed of the nail that often results in the loss of the nail
Onycholysis
Is the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed
Acanthosis nigricans
Is a condition where one or more areas of the skin develop dark, velvety areas of discoloration, usually in skin folds
Age spots
Are discolorations caused by sun exposure
Contusion
Is an injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin and is characterized by discoloration
Contus
Bruise
Lesion
Is a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury
Eschar
Is dead crust like tissue found in full thickness wounds
Erosion
Is the wearing away of a surface such as the epidermis of the skin or the outer layer of a mucous membrane
Nodule
Is a solid raised skin lesion that is larger than .5 cm in diameter and deeper than a papule
Plaque
Is a scaly solid raised area of closely spaced papules
Scales
Are flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells
Abscess
Is a closed pocket containing puss that is caused by a bacterial infection
Exudate
Is a fluid such as pus that leaks out of an infected wound
Cyst
Is an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semisolid material
Pustule
Also known as a pimple, is a small circumscribed lesion containing pus
Vesicle
Is a small blister, less than .5 cm in diameter containing watery fluid
Abrasion
Is an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away
Fissure
Is a groove or crack like break in the skin
Needlestick injury
Is an accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle
Ulcer
Is an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges
Intertrigo
Is dermatitis caused by the friction of skin rubbing together in skin folds such as the armpits groin and under the breasts
Erythema multiforme
Is a skin disorder resulting from a generalized allergic reaction to an illness infection or medication
Dermatosis
Is a general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation
Rhinophyma
Hyperplasia of the tissues of the nose and is associated with advanced rosacea
Molluscrum contagiosum
Is a viral infection that causes small, raised lesions called mollusca
Gangrene
Is death of tissue most commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues
Pyoderma
Is any acute, inflammatory, pus forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo
Mycosis
And abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus
Infestation
Is the dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue
Granulation tissue
Is the tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound
Nevus
Mole
Polyp
A mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane
Skin tags
Small flesh colored or light brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks
Skin cancer
Is a malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes including repeated severe sunburns or long term exposure to the sun
Basal cell carcinoma
Is a malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis
Exfoliative cytology
Is a technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope
Cauterization
Is the destruction of tissue by burning
Chembrasion
The use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of the skin to treat acne scarring fine wrinkles and keratoses
Curettage
Is the removal of material from the surface by scraping
Dermabrasion
A form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper
Electrodesiccation
A surgical technique performed in conjunction with curettage in which layers of tissue are destroyed using an electric spark and then scraped away
Phototherapy
Is the use of natural or artificial light to treat skin conditions such as vitiligo and eczema
Fluorouracil
A topical chemotherapy cream used to treat basal cell carcinoma
-lysis
Destruction
Lipectomy
The surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin to improve physical appearance
