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Medical Terminology (ch. 1, 12, 6, 10, 5, 7, 8) > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cry/o

A

cold

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2
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

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3
Q

derm/o, dermat

A

skin

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4
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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5
Q

hirsut/o

A

hairy/ rough

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6
Q

lip/o

A

fat/ lipid

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7
Q

melan/o

A

black/ dark

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8
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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9
Q

onych/o

A

fingernail or toenail

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10
Q

pil/i, pil/o

A

hair

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11
Q

py/o

A

pus

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12
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

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13
Q

seb/o

A

sebum

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14
Q

urtic/o

A

rash/hives

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15
Q

xer/o

A

dry

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16
Q

actinic keratosis

A

a pre-cancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin

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17
Q

albinism

A

a genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes

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18
Q

alopecia

A

the partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp

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19
Q

blepharoplasty

A

surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin

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20
Q

bulla

A

a large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter

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21
Q

capillary hemangioma

A

a soft, raised, pink, or red vascular birthmark

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22
Q

carbuncle

A

a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)

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23
Q

cellulitis

A

an acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues of the skin

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24
Q

cicatrix

A

a normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound

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25
Q

comedo

A

a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle

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26
Q

debridement

A

the removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing

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27
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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28
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

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29
Q

dysplastic nevi

A

atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer

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30
Q

ecchymosis

A

a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin

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31
Q

eczema

A

a form of recurring dermatitis characterized by itching, redness, and dryness

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32
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin due to capillary dilation

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33
Q

erythroderma

A

abnormal redness of the entire skin surface

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34
Q

exanthem

A

a widespread rash, usually in children

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35
Q

exfoliative dermatitis

A

a condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin

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36
Q

folliculitis

A

inflammation of the hair follicles

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37
Q

furuncles

A

large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands

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38
Q

hematoma

A

a swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues

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39
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive bodily and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern

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40
Q

ichthyosis

A

a group of disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin

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41
Q

impetigo

A

a highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

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42
Q

keloid

A

an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision

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43
Q

keratosis

A

any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin

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44
Q

koilonychia

A

a malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon

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45
Q

lipedema

A

a chronic abnormal condition characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs

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46
Q

lipoma

A

a benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer

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47
Q

macule

A

a discolored, flat spot on the skin that is less than 1 cm in diameter

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48
Q

malignant melanoma

A

a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes

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49
Q

melasma

A

a pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face

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50
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

a rare, severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria

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51
Q

onychocryptosis

A

ingrown toenail

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52
Q

onychomycosis

A

a fungal infection of the nail

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53
Q

papilloma

A

a benign, superficial, wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder

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54
Q

papule

A

a small, raised red lesion on the skin that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter

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55
Q

paronychia

A

an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail

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56
Q

pediculosis

A

an infestation of lice

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57
Q

petechiae

A

very small pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin less than 2 mm in diameter

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58
Q

pressure ulcer

A

an open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin over a bony prominence

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59
Q

pruritus

A

itching

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60
Q

psoriasis

A

a common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks

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61
Q

purpura

A

multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin

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62
Q

purulent

A

producing or containing pus

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63
Q

rhytidectomy

A

surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles

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64
Q

rosacea

A

a chronic skin condition of unknown cause that produces tiny red pimples and enlarged blood vessels on the face

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65
Q

scabies

A

a skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites

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66
Q

scleroderma

A

an autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen

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67
Q

seborrheic dermatitis

A

inflammation resulting from overactivity of the sebaceous glands that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp

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68
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium that can quickly spread to other body systems

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69
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

an autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk that also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems

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70
Q

tinea

A

a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails

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71
Q

urticaria

A

itchy wheals on the skin caused by an allergic reaction

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72
Q

verrucae

A

small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus

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73
Q

vitiligo

A

a skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes, resulting in irregular patches of white skin

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74
Q

wheal

A

a small bump on the skin that itches

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75
Q

xeroderma

A

excessively dry skin

76
Q

integumentary system

A

is made up of the skin and its related structures, performs important functions in maintaining the health of the body

77
Q

integument

A

comes from latin word meaning to cover or enclose

78
Q

skin

A

forms the protective outer layer covering the external surfaces of the entire body

79
Q

sebaceous gland

A

secrete sebum (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria on the skin

80
Q

sweat glands

A

help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat. A small amount of metabolic waste is also excreted through the sweat glands

81
Q

hair

A

helps control the loss of body heat

82
Q

nails

A

protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

83
Q

epidermis

A

the outermost layer of the skin, is made up of several specialized epithelial tissues

84
Q

epithelial tissues

A

form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body

85
Q

squamous

A

scale-like

86
Q

squamous epithelial tissue

A

forms the upper layer of the epidermis, contains flat, scaly cells that are continuously shed

87
Q

basal layer

A

is the lowest layer of the epidermis, new cells are produced here and pushed upward, when they reach the surface, they die and become filled with keratin

88
Q

keratin

A

is a fibrous, water-repellent protein, soft keratin is a primary component of the epidermis. hard keratin is found in the hair and nails

89
Q

melanocytes

A

are special cells that are found in the basal cell layer. these cells produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment known as melanin

90
Q

meleanin

A

is the pigment that determines the color of the skin, also produces freckles and age spots

91
Q

dermis or corium

A

the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis

92
Q

sensory nerve endings

A

the sensory receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure

93
Q

collagen

A

means glue, is a tough yet flexible fibrous protein material found in the skin and also in the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments

94
Q

mast cells

A

which are found in the connective tissue of the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine

95
Q

heparin

A

is released in response to an injury, is an anticoagulant

96
Q

anticoagulant

A

prevents blood clotting

97
Q

histamine

A

is released in response to allergens, causes the symptoms of an allergic response, including itching and increased mucus secretion

98
Q

subcutaneous layer

A

is located just below the layers of the skin and connects the skin to the surface muscles

99
Q

adipose

A

fat

100
Q

cellulite

A

a term used to describe deposits of dimpled fat around the buttocks and thighs

101
Q

lipocytes

A

fat cells

102
Q

sebum

A

an oily substance that is released through ducts opening into the hair follicles

103
Q

sudoriferous glands/ sweat glands

A

are tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces

104
Q

pores

A

the openings on the surface of the skin that act as the ducts of the sweat glands

105
Q

perspiration/ sweat

A

is secreted by sweat glands and is made up of 99% water plus some salt and metabolic waste products

106
Q

hidrosis

A

is the production and excretion of perspiration

107
Q

mammary glands

A

milk producing glands

108
Q

hair

A

rod-like structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin

109
Q

hair follicles

A

are the sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers

110
Q

arrector pili

A

tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect

111
Q

unguis

A

fingernail or toenail

112
Q

nail plate

A

is translucent, is closely molded to the surface of the underlying tissues. It is made up of hard, keratinized plates of epidermal cells

113
Q

nail bed

A

is the skin underneath the nail plate, which joins the nail body to the underlying connective tissue and nourishes the nail

114
Q

free edge

A

is the portion of the nail not attached to the nail bed, extends beyond the tip of the finger or toe

115
Q

lunula

A

is a pale half-moon-shaped region at every nail root, which is generally most easily seen in the thumbnail

116
Q

cuticle

A

a narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root, protecting the new keratin cells as they form

117
Q

nail root

A

fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin

118
Q

plastic surgeon

A

is a physician who specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of body structures

119
Q

cosmetic surgeons

A

are plastic surgeons who perform operations such as breast augmentation, liposuction, and facelifts that are usually done for aesthetic rather than medical reasons

120
Q

acne

A

is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by pustular eruptions of the skin caused by an overproduction of sebum around the hair shaft

121
Q

sebaceous cyst

A

a closed sac that is found just under the skin. These cysts contain yellow, fatty material and are usually found on the face, neck, or trunk

122
Q

seborrheic keratosis

A

is a benign skin growth that has a waxy or “pasted-on” look. These growths, which can vary in color from light tan to black, occur most commonly in adults over the age of 50

123
Q

anhidrosis

A

is the abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat

124
Q

phor

A

movement

125
Q

dia-

A

through or complete

126
Q

heat rash

A

is an intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells

127
Q

heat stroke

A

a medical emergency caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures, characterized by a core temp of at least 104, altered mental state, and racing heart rate

128
Q

hyperhidrosis

A

a condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body

129
Q

follicul

A

hair follicle

130
Q

trichomycosis axillaris

A

a superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands such as the armpits

131
Q

trich

A

hair

132
Q

axill

A

armpit

133
Q

alopec

A

baldness

134
Q

alopecia areata

A

is an autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles causing well defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body

135
Q

alopecia totalis

A

is an uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all the hair on the scalp

136
Q

Alopecia universalis

A

Is the total loss of hair on all parts of the body

137
Q

Androgenic alopecia

A

Is the most common type of hair loss

138
Q

Clubbing

A

The abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips

139
Q

Koilonychia

A

Is the malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon

140
Q

Koil

A

Hollow or concave

141
Q

Onychia

A

Is an inflammation of the bed of the nail that often results in the loss of the nail

142
Q

Onycholysis

A

Is the separation of the nail plate from the nail bed

143
Q

Acanthosis nigricans

A

Is a condition where one or more areas of the skin develop dark, velvety areas of discoloration, usually in skin folds

144
Q

Age spots

A

Are discolorations caused by sun exposure

145
Q

Contusion

A

Is an injury to underlying tissues without breaking the skin and is characterized by discoloration

146
Q

Contus

A

Bruise

147
Q

Lesion

A

Is a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury

148
Q

Eschar

A

Is dead crust like tissue found in full thickness wounds

149
Q

Erosion

A

Is the wearing away of a surface such as the epidermis of the skin or the outer layer of a mucous membrane

150
Q

Nodule

A

Is a solid raised skin lesion that is larger than .5 cm in diameter and deeper than a papule

151
Q

Plaque

A

Is a scaly solid raised area of closely spaced papules

152
Q

Scales

A

Are flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells

153
Q

Abscess

A

Is a closed pocket containing puss that is caused by a bacterial infection

154
Q

Exudate

A

Is a fluid such as pus that leaks out of an infected wound

155
Q

Cyst

A

Is an abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semisolid material

156
Q

Pustule

A

Also known as a pimple, is a small circumscribed lesion containing pus

157
Q

Vesicle

A

Is a small blister, less than .5 cm in diameter containing watery fluid

158
Q

Abrasion

A

Is an injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away

159
Q

Fissure

A

Is a groove or crack like break in the skin

160
Q

Needlestick injury

A

Is an accidental puncture wound caused by a used hypodermic needle

161
Q

Ulcer

A

Is an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges

162
Q

Intertrigo

A

Is dermatitis caused by the friction of skin rubbing together in skin folds such as the armpits groin and under the breasts

163
Q

Erythema multiforme

A

Is a skin disorder resulting from a generalized allergic reaction to an illness infection or medication

164
Q

Dermatosis

A

Is a general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation

165
Q

Rhinophyma

A

Hyperplasia of the tissues of the nose and is associated with advanced rosacea

166
Q

Molluscrum contagiosum

A

Is a viral infection that causes small, raised lesions called mollusca

167
Q

Gangrene

A

Is death of tissue most commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues

168
Q

Pyoderma

A

Is any acute, inflammatory, pus forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo

169
Q

Mycosis

A

And abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus

170
Q

Infestation

A

Is the dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue

171
Q

Granulation tissue

A

Is the tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound

172
Q

Nevus

A

Mole

173
Q

Polyp

A

A mushroom like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane

174
Q

Skin tags

A

Small flesh colored or light brown polyps that hang from the body by fine stalks

175
Q

Skin cancer

A

Is a malignant growth on the skin which can have many causes including repeated severe sunburns or long term exposure to the sun

176
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Is a malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis

177
Q

Exfoliative cytology

A

Is a technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope

178
Q

Cauterization

A

Is the destruction of tissue by burning

179
Q

Chembrasion

A

The use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of the skin to treat acne scarring fine wrinkles and keratoses

180
Q

Curettage

A

Is the removal of material from the surface by scraping

181
Q

Dermabrasion

A

A form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper

182
Q

Electrodesiccation

A

A surgical technique performed in conjunction with curettage in which layers of tissue are destroyed using an electric spark and then scraped away

183
Q

Phototherapy

A

Is the use of natural or artificial light to treat skin conditions such as vitiligo and eczema

184
Q

Fluorouracil

A

A topical chemotherapy cream used to treat basal cell carcinoma

185
Q

-lysis

A

Destruction

186
Q

Lipectomy

A

The surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin to improve physical appearance

Medical Terminology (ch. 1, 12, 6, 10, 5, 7, 8) (8 decks)

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