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Medical Terminology (ch. 1, 12, 6, 10, 5, 7, 8) > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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2
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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3
Q

hyper-

A

excessive of increased

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4
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord

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5
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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6
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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7
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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8
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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9
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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10
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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11
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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12
Q

melan/o

A

black

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13
Q

poli/o

A

grey

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14
Q

enter

A

small intestine

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15
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

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16
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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17
Q

-rrhaphy

A

surgical suturing

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18
Q

neuroplasty

A

the surgical repair of a nerve

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19
Q

neurorrhaphy

A

suturing together the ends of a severed nerve

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20
Q

tonsill

A

tonsils

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21
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

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22
Q

tonsillitis

A

an inflammation of the tonsils

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23
Q

tonsillectomy

A

the surgical removal of the tonsils

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24
Q

cranium

A

portion of the skull that encloses the brain

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25
Q

crani

A

skull

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26
Q

suffixes as noun endings

A

-a -um -y -e -us

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27
Q

cardi

A

heart

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28
Q

suffixes meaning pertaining to

A

-ac -al -an -ar -ary -eal -ical -ial -ic -ine -ior -ory -ous -tic

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29
Q

cardiac

A

pertaining to the heart

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30
Q

suffixes meaning abnormal condition or disease

A

-ago -esis -ia -iasis -ion -ism -osis -pathy

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31
Q

gastrosis

A

any disease of the stomach

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32
Q

path

A

disease

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33
Q

-ology

A

study of

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34
Q

pathology

A

the study of all aspects of diseases

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35
Q

-algia

A

pain and suffering

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36
Q

gastralgia

A

also known as stomach ache, means pain in the stomach

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37
Q

-dynia

A

also means pain

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38
Q

gastrodynia

A

also means pain in the stomach

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39
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of the stomach

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40
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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41
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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42
Q

hepatomegaly

A

abnormal enlargement of the liver

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43
Q

-malacia

A

abnormal softening

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44
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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45
Q

arteriomalacia

A

the abnormal softening of the walls of an artery or arteries

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46
Q

-necrosis

A

tissue death

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47
Q

arterionecrosis

A

the tissue death of an artery or arteries

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48
Q

-sclerosis

A

abnormal hardening

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49
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

the abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries

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50
Q

-stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing

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51
Q

arteriostenosis

A

the abnormal narrowing of an artery or arteries

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52
Q

-centisis

A

a surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes or to remove excess fluid

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53
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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54
Q

abdominocentisis

A

the surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid

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55
Q

-graphy

A

the process of producing a picture or record

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56
Q

angi/o

A

blood vessel

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57
Q

angiography

A

the process of producing an x-ray, or radiographic study, of blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium to make the blood vessels visible

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58
Q

-gram

A

picture or record

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59
Q

angiogram

A

the resulting film that is produced by angiography

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60
Q

myoplasty

A

the surgical repair of a muscle

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61
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

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62
Q

arthroscopy

A

the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

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63
Q

-rrhage and -rrhagia

A

most often used to describe sudden, severe bleeding

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64
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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65
Q

-rrhage

A

abnormal excessive fluid discharge

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66
Q

hemorrhage

A

the loss of a large amount of blood in a short time

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67
Q

ten/o

A

tendon

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68
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

the surgical suturing of a tendon

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69
Q

-rrhea

A

means flow or discharge and refers to the flow of most bodily fluids

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70
Q

dia-

A

through

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71
Q

diarrhea

A

the frequent flow of loose or watery stools

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72
Q

nat

A

birth

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73
Q

natal

A

pertaining to birth

74
Q

prenatal

A

the time and events before birth

75
Q

perinatal

A

the time and events surrounding birth

76
Q

postnatal

A

refers to the time and events after birth

77
Q

ab-

A

away from, negative, absent

78
Q

dextro-

A

right side

79
Q

ex-

A

out of, outside, away from

80
Q

macro-

A

large, abnormal size, or long

81
Q

mega-, megalo-

A

large, great

82
Q

pre-

A

before

83
Q

ad-

A

toward, to, in the direction of

84
Q

sinistro-

A

left side

85
Q

in-

A

in, into, not, without

86
Q

micro-

A

small

87
Q

oligo-

A

scanty, few

88
Q

post-

A

after, behind

89
Q

abnormal

A

not normal or away from normal

90
Q

addiction

A

means being drawn toward or having a strong dependance on a drug or substance

91
Q

dys-

A

means bad, difficult, or painful

92
Q

eu-

A

good, normal, well, or easy

93
Q

dysfunctional

A

an organ or body part that is not working properly

94
Q

eupnea

A

easy or normal breathing

95
Q

hypo-

A

deficient or decreased

96
Q

hypertension

A

higher than normal blood pressure

97
Q

hypotension

A

lower than normal blood pressure

98
Q

inter-

A

between or among

99
Q

intra-

A

within or inside

100
Q

interstitial

A

means between, but not within, the parts of a tissue

101
Q

intramuscular

A

means within the muscle

102
Q

sub-

A

under, less, or below

103
Q

subcostal

A

below a rib or ribs

104
Q

super-, supra-

A

above or excessive

105
Q

supracostal

A

above or outside the ribs

106
Q

laryng

A

larynx or throat

107
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

108
Q

ot/o

A

ear

109
Q

otorhinolaryngology

A

study of ears, nose, and throat

110
Q

otolaryngology

A

study of the ears and larynx or throat

111
Q

lithotomy

A

a surgical incision for the removal of a stone

112
Q

lith

A

stone

113
Q

-otomy

A

surgical incision

114
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body

115
Q

appendic

A

appendix

116
Q

appendicitis

A

an inflammation of the appendix

117
Q

phalanges

A

the bones of the fingers and toes

118
Q

sign

A

is objective evidence of disease, such as a fever. Objective means the sign can be evaluated or measured by the patient or others.

119
Q

symptom

A

is subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache. Subjective means that it can be evaluated or measured only by the patient.

120
Q

syndrome

A

is a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process

121
Q

diagnosis

A

is the identification of a disease (plural, diagnoses). To diagnose is the process of reaching a diagnosis.

122
Q

differential diagnosis

A

also known as a rule out (R/O), is an attempt to determine which one of several possible diseases is causing the signs and symptoms that are present.

123
Q

prognosis

A

is a prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease (plural, prognoses).

124
Q

acute

A

condition has a rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration.

125
Q

chronic

A

condition is of long duration. Although such diseases can be controlled, they are rarely cured.

126
Q

remission

A

is the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure.

127
Q

disease

A

is a condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally. Some diseases are named for their signs and symptoms. For example, chronic fatigue syndrome is a persistent, overwhelming fatigue of unknown origin

128
Q

eponym

A

is a disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first. For example, Alzheimer’s disease is named for German neurologist Alois Alzheimer

129
Q

acronym

A

is a word formed from the initial letter of the major parts of a compound term. For example, the acronym laser stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

130
Q

ather/o

A

plaque or fatty substance

131
Q

-oma

A

tumor

132
Q

atheroma

A

a fatty deposit within the wall of an artery

133
Q

arthralgia

A

pain in a joint or joints

134
Q

appendectomy

A

the surgical removal of the appendix

135
Q

-ostomy

A

the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface

136
Q

colostomy

A

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

137
Q

col

A

colon

138
Q

pyelotomy

A

a surgical incision into the renal pelvis to remove obstructions such as a kidney stone

139
Q

pyel/o

A

the renal pelvis

140
Q

fissure

A

a groove or crack-like sore in the skin; also describes normal folds in the contours of the brain

141
Q

fistula

A

an abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body. May be due to surgery, injury, or the draining of an abscess

142
Q

ileum

A

the last and longest portion of the small intestine

143
Q

ilium

A

part of the hip bone

144
Q

meningitis

A

the cause of the inflammation is an infection

145
Q

mening

A

meninges

146
Q

tendin

A

tendon

147
Q

infection

A

the invasion of the body by a pathogenic (disease-producing) organism

148
Q

malaise

A

a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease

149
Q

exudate

A

any fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound

150
Q

inflammation

A

a localized response to an injury or to the destruction or tissues

151
Q

erythema

A

redness

152
Q

hyperthermia

A

heat

153
Q

edema

A

swelling

154
Q

laceration

A

a torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut

155
Q

lesion

A

a pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury

156
Q

mucous

A

describes the specialized membranes that line the body cavities

157
Q

mucus

A

refers to the fluid secreted by mucous membranes

158
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

159
Q

mycosis

A

abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus

160
Q

myelopathy

A

any injury, degeneration or disease in the spinal cord

161
Q

myopathy

A

any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue

162
Q

dermatologist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin

163
Q

dermat

A

skin

164
Q

-ologist

A

specialist

165
Q

neonatology

A

the study of disorders of the newborn

166
Q

neo-

A

new

167
Q

palpation

A

an examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts

168
Q

palpitation

A

a pounding or racing heart

169
Q

py/o

A

pus

170
Q

pyelitis

A

an inflammation of the renal pelvis

171
Q

pyoderma

A

any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection

172
Q

pyr/o

A

fever or fire

173
Q

pyrosis

A

also known as heartburn, is discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward into the esophagus

174
Q

supination

A

the act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward

175
Q

suppuration

A

is the formation of pus

176
Q

triage

A

the medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment

177
Q

trauma

A

wound or injury

178
Q

viral

A

pertaining to a virus

179
Q

vir

A

virus or poison

180
Q

virile

A

having the nature, properties, or qualities or an adult male

Medical Terminology (ch. 1, 12, 6, 10, 5, 7, 8) (8 decks)

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