Chapter 10 Flashcards
caus/o
burning/ burn
cerebr/o
cerebrum/ brain
concuss/o
shaken together, violently agitated
contus/o
bruise
encephal/o
brain
-esthesia
sensation/ feeling
esthet/o
feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception
-mania
madness
mening/o
membranes, meninges
neur/i, neur/o
nerve/ nerve tissue
-phasia
speak or speech
phobia
abnormal fear
psych/o
mind
radicul/o
root or nerve root
-tropic
having an affinity for
acrophobia
an excessive fear of heights
Alzheimer’s disease
a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles
anesthetic
medication used to induce anesthesia
anesthetist
a medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia but is not a physician, for example, a nurse anesthetist
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by a false perception of body appearance that leads to an inability to maintain a healthy body weight
anxiety disorders
mental condition characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations, or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation
autism spectrum disorder
a condition with different levels of symptom severity in which a person has difficulty developing normal social relationships and a condition with different levels of symptom severity in which a young child has difficulty developing normal social relationships and communication skills, may compulsively follow repetitive routines, and has narrowly focused, intense interests that are sometimes unusual
Bell’s palsy
temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only on the affected side of the face
carotid ultrasonography
an ultrasound study of the carotid artery performed to predict or diagnose an ischemic stroke
causalgia
persistent, severe, burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve
cerebral contusion
bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the skull
cerebral palsy
a group of disorders characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, and other neurologic deficiencies
cerebrovascular accident
brain damage that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted
cervical radiculopathy
nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region
claustrophobia
abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces
cognition
the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory
coma
a deep state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and no vocalization
concussion
a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain
cranial hematoma
a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain
delirium
an acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking and memory, agitation, and hallucinations
delirium tremens
a disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol
delusion
a false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary
dementia
a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory, thinking and judgment that is often accompanied by personality changes
dura mater
the thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges. Dura means hard, and mater means mother
dyslexia
a learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols correctly
electroencephalography
the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
epidural anesthesia
regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine
epilepsy
a chronic neurologic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity
factitious disorder
a condition in which a person acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick
hallucination
a sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimulation
hemorrhagic stroke
damage to the brain that occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks
hydrocephalus
a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the ventricles of the brain
hyperesthesia
a condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli
ischemic stroke
brain damage that occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of an artery
lethargy
a lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy
meningitis
inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord
meningocele
the congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column
migraine headache
a headache characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head and sometimes preceded by a warning aura
multiple sclerosis
a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath
myelitis
inflammation of the spinal cord; inflammation of bone marrow
myelography
a fluoroscopic and CT study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture
narcolepsy
a sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day
neurotransmitters
chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor
obsessive-compulsive disorder
a mental condition characterized by obsessions and/or compulsions
panic attack
an unexpected, sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger, accompanied by physical symptoms such as shortness of breath and palpitations
parasomnia
general term for several categories of sleep disorders that occur while falling asleep, during sleep, or while waking from sleep
paresthesia
a burning or prickling sensation with no apparent physical cause that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet but can also occur in other parts of the body
Parkinson’s disease
a chronic, degenerative central nervous system disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait
peripheral neuropathy
a disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord, producing pain, loss of sensation, and inability to control muscles
post-traumatic stress disorder
may develop after an event involving actual or threatened death or injury to the individual or someone else, during which the person felt intense fear, helplessness, or horror
Reye’s syndrome
a potentially serious or deadly disorder in children characterized by vomiting and confusion, sometimes following a viral illness for which the child was treated with aspirin
schizophrenia
a psychotic disorder characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations
sciatica
inflammation of the sciatic nerve caused by pressure on the nerve roots that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the course of the affected nerve
seizure
a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time
shaken baby syndrome
syndrome that results from a child being violently shaken by someone
syncope
the brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain
tremor
a repetitive, involuntary muscle movement usually involving the hands, arms, head, or face
trigeminal neuralgia
a chronic pain condition characterized by severe, lightning-like pain due to an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve; these sudden, intense, brief attacks of sharp pain affect the cheek, lips, and gums only on the side of the face innervated by the affected nerve
