Chapter 6

Question 1

Monozyotic Twins

Answer 1

Single Zygote. A single egg is fertilized by one sperm and the single zygote splits into two embryos. These twins have an 100% genetic overlap

Question 2

Dizygotic Twins

Answer 2

Two Zygotes. Two eggs are fertilized by two sperms, each one implants onto the uterine wall. These twins have a 50% genetic overlap

Question 3

What do twin studies do

Answer 3

They compare the correlations of traits and behaviours between MZ twins or DZ twins

Question 4

What is the equation to determining differences in degree of similarity between MZ and DZ twins

Answer 4

2x(difference in correlations)(falconer’s formula)

Question 5

What is heritability index

Answer 5

Vphenotype + Vgenotype = heritability index
0 = pure environment
0.5 = equal genetic and environment
1 = pure genetics

Question 6

Non-shared environmental effect

Answer 6

Environmental factors that can create differences, different environmental conditions contribute to personality differences

Question 7

What is the human genome

Answer 7

Human genome is the genetic blueprint from an organism

Question 8

When was the first map of a human genome completed

Answer 8

It was completed in 2000