chapter 6 Flashcards
What is the process of conception?
- penile ejaculation into vaginal canal
- sperm make their way up the correct tube
- sperm penetrate gelatinous layer around egg in a process called capacitation
- once one sperm penetrates the gelatinous layer the egg’s outside thickens to pevent other sperm from entering
How many sperm ejaculate?
200 to 400 million
How many sperm make it to the egg?
200 to 300
Why do so little sperm make it to the egg?
only healthy sperm can make it to the end preventing birth defects, many flow out of the vagina, some are killed by vagina acidity and some will go up the wrong tube
Where does conception occur?
fallopian tube
an abrupt rise in body temperature taken when first waking up due to a large amount of progesterone caused by the corpus luteum or placenta.
basal body temperature pregnancy detection
Indicators of pregnancy
tenderness of the breasts and nipples, nausea and vomiting, frequent urination and feelings of fatigue
What chemicals do pregancy tests detect?
human chorionic gonadotropin
what test does a health care provider use to detect pregnancy?
hegar sign, fetal heart beat, fetal movement and ultrasound detection of fetal skeleton
a soft spot between the uterine body and the cervix which is detectable one month following conception
hegar sign
how is delivery date calculated
nagele’s rule: first day of last period, sub three months, add seven days and one year
how long does the embryonic stage last?
first 8 weeks
A barrer around the fetus that provides nourishment, oxygen and keeps the circulatory system of the parent and baby separate.
placenta
A layer of protection for the embryo
amniotic sac
Why is the first trimester is so important for the fetus?
it’s when most of the major organs, blood vessels, central nervous system, and body features develop
nausea, vomiting, food aversions and other aversions that occur during pregnancy
morning sickness
first pregnancy
primiparous
When can fetal movement be detected?
13 to 16 weeks
At how many weeks born early can a baby survive?
23 weeks - 20%
28 weeks. - 90%
why can’t a baby be born early?
immature lungs and lack of wight
When does breast milk begin to be produced
second trimester
What occurs in the third trimester for the fetus?
hair grows, gains weight, brain and nervous system complete, the fetus faces down
true or false: it is safe to have sex during pregnancy
true
when is it not safe to have sex while pregnant
during labour
true or false: women’s sexual desires remain the same during pregnancy
false, sexual desires change, low in first trimester and high in the second trimester
true or false: uncomplicated births have better outcomes when attended by a doctor
false, midwives are better
the fetus decends into the pelvis
engagement
thinning of the cervix
effacement
True or false: dilation disloges the mucous plug
true
How many stages of vaginal birth is there?
3
What is the first stage of vaginal birth?
lasting 8.6 hours contractions begin to dialate cervix
what is the second stage of vaginal birth
when the cervix is dialated to 10 cm, contractions help the baby move down the vaginal canal
what is the third stage of vaginal birth
the placenta is expelled along with the fetal membrane
true or false: the rate of c-sections are increasing
true
what is the purpose of c-sections?
when baby is too large, pelvis is too narrow or breech position or transverse position
True or false: vitamin B is injected to prevent colostrum in the baby after birth
false: vitamin K
mild depression, tearfulness, anxiety or irritability in the first few days post delievery
postpartum blue
severe depression during the first year post birth
post partum depression
psychosis during the first three months postpartum
postpartum psychosis
true or false: the majority of women experience sexual difficulties in the first 3 months postpartum
true
what are some sexuality problems post partum?
Genito-pelvic pain, lack of sexual desire, decline in sexual satisfaction, body image issues, sleep deprivation, not knowing when to resume intercourse, and lack of sexual interest
how long is exclusive breastfeeding recommended?
six months
When the fertilized egg is implanted somewhere other than the uterus lining
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy loss that usually occurs within the first 20 weeks of gestation
miscarriage or spontaneous abortion
when the pregnant person is Rh-negative and the baby is Rh-positive. If their blood mixes then miscarriage may occur
rh imcompatibility
high blood pressure, generalzied fluid retention and swelling and protein in the urine
pre-eclampsia
when pre-eclampsia is not managed and results in convulsions, coma and death
eclampsia
anomalies that result from genetics, maternal illness, drugs, alcohol, or exposure to environmental chemicals
congenital anomalies
What is the risk of congenital anomalies?
miscarriage
How to protect against congenital anomalies?
folic acid supplements
an image using an ultrasound to see the fetus
sonographic examination
using a needle to take amniotic fluid to be examined
amniocentesis
scraping a layer of villi from the uterus
chorionic villi sampling
When the baby’s oxygen is restricted during birth
anoxia
babies who are normal weight and proper gestation time, but born dead
stillbirth
