Chapter 6 Flashcards
What antibiotic drug is often compounded to increase potency?
Vancomycin.
It is often used as a last resort due to side effects on the kidneys
What disease souls be brought to the ophthalmologist’s attention in a patient using oral corticosteroids?
Diabetes Mellitus.
Diseases such as hypertension, peptic ulcer, diabetes, and tuberculosis all can worsen through the use of systemic corticosteroids
The use of B-adrenergic blockers shield be avoided in patients with which medical condition?
Asthma.
Beta Adrenergic Blockers decrease acqueous production in the eyes and are often prescribed in conjunction with prostaglandins. They can cause side effects in patients with heart conditions, asthma, or COPD
What is the primary function of topical corticosteroids?
To reduce redness, swelling, and scarring of the lids and anterior segments.
They are typically applied in drop or ointment form to the lid or anterior segment
What drug is most helpful when performing both a fundus exam and an objective refraction on a pediatric patient?
A cycloplegic.
Cycloplegics dilate the pupil and paralyze accommodation and can be used for objective refraction, fundus exam, treating uveitis, and treating posteroperative intraocular inflammation
What type of injection is classified as a form of systemic drug delivery?
Subcutaneous.
Intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous are all considered systemic drug delivery because the active drug travels through the circulatory system before reaching the eye
What drug administration route provides the fastest drug delivery into the eye?
Intracameral injection.
IC injection deliver the drug directly into the Anterior Chamber.
How do miotics reduce intraocular pressure?
By contacting the ciliary buddy and opening the outflow channels for aqueous humor.
Miotics are less commonly used to treat open-angle glaucoma but are frequently used to break attacks of closed-angle and preoperatively before Laser Iridotomy, Penetrating Keratoplasty, and other intraocular surgeries benefiting from a small pupil
What is a common side effect of cycliplegics?
Blurred vision.
Cycloplegic drugs paralyzed accommodation and therefore cause blurred near vision. They also sting when administered to the eye, cause light sensitivity, dry mouth, angle closure, and other severe side effects
What two types of drops could stimulate angle closure?
Mydriatics, cycloplegics.
Both can cause this effect in a patient with narrow angles
What ophthalmic dye is used primarily to diagnose Herpes Simplex Keratitis?
Fluoroscein.
A strip or drop is applied to the eye, and it is put under cobalt-blue light. In a normal eye only the tear later fluoresces and can be used for tonometry and contact lens fitting; in an abnormal eye it can highlight defects in the tear film and stains absent or defective corneal epithelium
What should the ophthalmic medical assistant do when installing eye drops?
Administer the medication directly into the conjunctival sac.
What is an adverse effect of topical prostaglandins?
Eyelash growth.
Prostaglandins increase acqueous humor outflow by nontrabecular meshwork pathways, and other side effects include hyperemia (redness) and increased pigmentation of the Iris and eyelid skin
What class of medications, when taken orally, can cause tingling in hands or feet, a metallic taste, and kidney stones
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors.
Oral agents such as acetazolamide (Diamox) and methazolamide (Neptazane) can cause those undesirable side effects but also serious allergic reactions and bone marrow suppression
