Chapter 4

Question 1

What retinal Infection typically occurs in patients with AIDS who have CD4 counts less than 50?

Answer 1

Cytomegalovirus retinitis.
AIDS patients are especially susceptible to opportunistic eye infections like Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

Question 2

What are common Ocular manifestations of Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 2

Ptosis and diplopia.
MG is an autoimmune condition that typically occurs in men older than 50 and women older than 30. It prevents neurotransmitters from stimulating the muscle to contact

Question 3

What type of herpes simplex virus usually produces genital infections?

Answer 3

Type 2.
HSV1 causes fever blisters then can cause many serious corneal and retinal conditions.

Question 4

What is the most common manifestation of Sjogren syndrome?

Answer 4

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca.
Sjogren produces a combination of dry eyes and dry mouth and may be associated with other inflammatory diseases

Question 5

What is a cancer that spreads to other parts of the body?

Answer 5

Metastatic.
The original malignant tumor is called the primary tumor and same type of tumor found elsewhere is a metastatic tumor. Most Ocular tumors are metastatic from the breast or lungs

Question 6

The eyes are considered part of what system?

Answer 6

Nervous.
The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves function as the writing system of the body, and the eyes function as an important receptor

Question 7

What autoimmune condition causes selective muscle weakness by interfering with proper nerve transition in skeletal muscles?

Answer 7

Myasthenia Gravis.

Question 8

What is a waste product of metabolism in the body?

Answer 8

Carbon dioxide.
The structures in the respiratory system exchanged oxygen for carbon dioxide in the blood

Question 9

What is a common eye disorder associated with multiple sclerosis?

Answer 9

Optic neuritis.
MS is a chronic disease if the nervous system that affects the white matter of the spinal cord and brain. Optic nerve inflammation is frequent in young adults with MS

Question 10

What is the most common cause of proptosis in an adult?

Answer 10

Thyroid Eye disease.
TED is the general term Eye problems stemming from thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction can cause swelling of the eyelids and orbital tissues that can lead to proptosis/exophthalmos and issues with eyelid/ocular movement

Question 11

What is the characteristic feature of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 11

Proliferation of blood vessels.
This proliferation can lead to blindness due to vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment, the likelihood of blindness is 25 times that of the normal population